Hypochlorites reactions

Butyl alcohol in synthesis of phenyl 1-butyl ether, 46, 89 1-Butyl azidoacetate, 46, 47 hydrogenation of, 46, 47 1-Butyl chloroacetate, reaction with sodium azide, 46, 47 lre l-4-i-BUTYLCYCLOHEXANOL, 47,16 4-(-Butylcyclohexanonc, reduction with lithium aluminum hydride and aluminum chloride, 47, 17 1-Butyl hypochlorite, reaction with cy-clohexylamine, 46,17 l-Butylthiourea, 46, 72... 

Butyl hypochlorite, reaction with cy-clohexylamine, 46, 17 2- -Butyl-2-methylcyclohexanone, 48,40... 

A-Chlorohydroxamic esters (2) are universally synthesized from the parent hydroxamic esters (4) using the positive halogenation source, tert-butyl hypochlorite " . Reactions are... 

Weatherburn, M. W., Phenol-Hypochlorite Reaction for Determination of Ammonia, Anal. Chem.., 39, 971-974 (1967). 

Lithium ferf-butylperoxide has been used effectively as an epoxidising agent with electron deficient alkenes (Scheme 40) [91, 92]. However, application of this methodology to systems containing fluorine has only recently been explored, and it is now established that this can be a very successful procedure with fluoroalkenes. Indeed, the Lithium tert-butylperoxide system worked in some cases where the calcium hypochlorite reaction was ineffective [93,94]. 

Potassium iodide, which is used in unmeasured but excess amounts in iodo-metric titration, is the source of iodine for many types of reactions. It dissociates to iodide anion, which then reacts with the analyte to produce iodine. Hypochlorite reaction is shown below as an example. By measuring the amount of iodine released, the concentration of the analyte in the sample can be determined. 

Al-Gailani, B.R.M., G.M. Greenway, and T. McCreedy. 2007. Miniaturized flow-injection-analysis (jiFIA) system with on-hne chemiluminescence detection based on the luminol-hypochlorite reaction for the determination of ammonium in river water. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 87 425-436. 

Reaction (1) has been shown to involve either the uncharged molecules (as written, fc = 6.2x10 l.mole sec at 25 °C, E — 1.5 kcal.mole ) or NH4 +OC1 . By examination of the rates of nitrogen evolution and by titration of hypochlorite, reaction (2) was shown to obey the rate law (4) under conditions where reaction (3) was so much faster than (2) that very little hydrazine was present, viz. 

The alkali hypochlorite reaction of A/ iV -dialkylsulphamides leads to the formation of dialkyldiazenes 430. Ohme s group393,394 has postulated thiadiaziridine-1,1 -dioxides (431) as intermediates in the reaction (equation 141). 

Timberlake s group395-397, by using nonaqueous media for the hypochlorite reaction with sulphamides, isolated thiadiaziridine 1,1-dioxides (431) where both R groups are tertiary alkyl groups. Since then, a wide range of other thiadiaziridine-1,1-dioxides have been prepared398,399. 

OH. charcoal other organic materials powdered nwtals reducing agents strong acids alkyl esters hypochlorites Reaction products Decomposition/combustion oxides of nitrogen, ammonia Rate of reaction May detonate with strong shock or if heated confined... 

Hammett correlations for styrene epoxidations have been reported for a variety of metal-catalyzed oxidations. In iron porphyrin systems, p values between -0.83 and -0.94 have been reported for PhIO reactions.Groves and Watanabe l reported a p value of -1.9 for styrene epoxidations where the intermediate is presumed to be the iron(IV) 0x0 porphyrin cation radical, generated by reaction of Fe(TMP)Cl with MCPBA at -50 °C. It is noteworthy that p values for reactions of iodosylbenzene and hypochlorite catalyzed by Fe(TDCPP)Cl were found by Collman et al. not to be identical. The p values for PFIB (pentafluoroiodosylbenzene) and PhIO were -0.86 and -0.91, respectively, whereas the p value for LiOCl plus a phase transfer catalyst was -0.57. Those authors suggested that either different oxidants were formed in the iodosylbenzene and hypochlorite reactions or differences in the reaction conditions were responsible for the different p values. In our reactions, the smaller p value for the H2O2 reaction relative to those for the PhIO and MCPBA reactions suggests that different intermediates are responsible for the oxygenations. 

Additionally, chlorine is physically dissolved in the anolyte. This amount and the chlorine, which is reversibly bonded in hypochlorite (reaction 5 and 7), can be removed after acidification by vacuum dechlorination. This is a precondition for brine resaturation in the anolyte circuit of amalgam and membrane process. 

In the hypochlorite reactions, intramolecular hydrogen abstraction competes with p-cleavage and other reactions. For example, tertiary hypochlorite 15 on photolysis gives ketones and alkyl chlorides from P-cleavage and radical coupling reactions [10]. 

Crete. Also, external anodes are used and placed on the surface of the concrete, but the chloride extraction process is carried out using higher current parameters. Titanium anodes coated with mixed oxides (MMOs) are most frequently used as the anodic material. The current density is high and reaches 20 A m on the reinforced concrete surface. The system is aided by an electrolyte, frequently sodium carbonate with different additives. In the formed electric field, similar to cathodic protection, the migration of anions (chlorides) occurs to the external anode. On the surface of the anode, chlorine liberation reactions take place (Reaction 8-3) along with the formation of hypochlorites (Reaction 8-25)... 

The double bond in MA and derivatives can be epoxidized to yield epoxysuccinic acid derivatives 92. So far, the primary use of this reaction has been for the synthesis of tartaric acid 93 (R = H). Epoxysuccinic acid can also be made by the hypochlorite reaction of maleic acid. The final product, dl-trans-a,p-epoxysuccinic acid 92 (R = H) is isolated in a 75% yield. 

MA copolymerization, 660 Hypochlorite reaction, epoxidation of maleic acid, 69... 

Precaution Ignition will cause class B fire sudden reaction and Are may result if mixed with an oxidizing agent incompat. with oxidizers, sodium or calcium hypochlorite reaction with peroxides may cause violent decomp., possible explosion... 

Show that the following mechanism is consistent with the rate law established for the iodide-hypochlorite reaction in Exercise 79. 

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