Fluidlike flow

But, there is no need to rely on hugonium. The theory and practice of the deformation of solids under other, less intense, loadings are well developed and show that the fluidlike flow of shock deformation is the expected consequence of the motion of defects in response to applied shear stresses that exceed the shear strength of solids. In most shock loadings, the shear stresses are well in excess of that shear strength and there is certainly ample theory and experiment to qualitatively identify overall features of the defect genera-... 

We can be qualitatively certain that the fluidlike flow of shock deformation is a consequence of motion of defects. We cannot be quantitatively certain as to the significant, detailed descriptions and consequences of these defects. Indeed, the principal unfinished business of shock-compression science is the scientific description of the defective solid in all its manifestations. 

Material behavior have many classifications. Examples are (1) creep, and relaxation behavior with a primary load environment of high or moderate temperatures (2) fatigue, viscoelastic, and elastic range vibration or impact (3) fluidlike flow, as a solid to a gas, which is a very high velocity or hypervelocity impact and (4) crack propagation and environmental embrittlement, as well as ductile and brittle fractures. 

Resin Highly reactive material which, in its initial stages, has fluidlike flow properties. When activation is initiated, material transforms into a solid state. 

The way liquids flow is one of their most obvious properties. We use a variety of terms in everyday language to describe this aspect of fluidlike substances. Thus we speak of the thickness of cream, the weight of oil, and the leveling of paint to describe the flow behavior and properties of such materials. The science student will probably recognize that all these terms allude in one way or another to a property known as the viscosity of the liquid. 

All the preceding particulate handling steps are affected by the unique properties of all particulates, including polymeric particulates while they may behave in a fluidlike fashion when they are dry, fluidized and above 100 pm, they also exhibit solidlike behavior, because of the solid-solid interparticle and particle-vessel friction coefficients. The simplest and most common example of the hermaphroditic solid/ fluidlike nature of particulates is the pouring of particulates out of a container (fluidlike behavior) onto a flat surface, whereupon they assume a stable-mount, solidlike behavior, shown in Fig. 4.2. This particulate mount supports shear stresses without flowing and, thus by definition, it is a solid. The angle of repose, shown below, reflects the static equilibrium between unconfined loose particulates. 

The flow of a compressible fluidlike air can be treated as incompressible if the local Mach number is less than 0.3. Ma, which is very small in microfluidic systems due to the low flow velocity. 

Figure 15-11 Schematic of dilation mechanism that is a prerequisite for the flow of solids, (a) In an undisturbed state, grains are interlocked and behave mnch like an ordinary solid, (b) A granular bed dilates in response to applied shear and can then flow, (c) In the flowing state, the bed can form distinct crystalline, glassy, fluidlike, and gaslike phases. The crystalline phase is regular and ordered, the glassy phase is disordered but static, the fluidlike state flows but exhibits enduring contacts, and the gaslike state is characterized by rapid and brief interparticle contacts.

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