Hyperspectral images

Keith C.G., RepaskyK.S., et al. Monitoring effects of a controlled subsurface carbon dioxide release on vegetation using a hyperspectral image. 2009 International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 3 626-632. 

Near-infrared chemical imaging (NIR-CI) refers usually to the hyperspectral imaging of samples using typically wavelengths from 0.9 to 2.5 pm (NIR region) and an FPA detector. There are some major methodical and instrumental differences between NIR and IR imaging. 

K.H. Esbensen and T.T. Lied, Principles of image cross-validation (ICV) representative segmentation of image data structures, in Techniques and Applications of Hyperspectral Image Analysis, H. Grahn and P. Geladi (eds). Chap. 7. (155-180), John Wiley Sons, Ltd, Chichester, 2007. 

Fischer C, Kakoulli I (2006) Multispectral and hyperspectral imaging technologies in conservation current research and potential applications. Rew Conserv 7 3-16 and references therein. 

Hyperspectral imaging Vibrational spectroscopy coupled with a spatial analysis (cf. chemical imaging chapter) X Chemical compound distributions Counterfeit detection... 

The CISs are rapidly becoming more popular and reliable as their field of application broadens. This is mainly due to the production of surface images by multipoint scanning and mapping. Hyperspectral imaging has proven its potential for qualitative analysis of pharmaceutical products and can be used when spatial information becomes relevant for an analytical application. Even if online applications and regulatory method validation require further development, the power of CIS in quality control and PAT needs no further demonstration, whatever the wavelength domain or method of spectra collection. 

Further Developments Online Analysis by Hyperspectral Imaging... 

This chapter begins by defining hyperspectral imaging, then presents details of instrumentation and image formation, and concludes by describing some chemo-metric image analysis tools with the help of pharmaceutical examples. 

Classical chemometric methods, that is, the classification and regression presented in Section 4.3.1, are also applied to hyperspectral images.However,XxYx X matrices have to be unfolded into (1 ) 1 matrices before processing. In other words, the three-way OOV array is unfolded into a classical two-way OV matrix. 

The two main online applications of hyperspectral imaging are blending endpoint determination (Figure 19) and capsule control (Figure 20). Other applications may be possible, such as content uniformity, determination of dissolution properties, and water quantification, but are not described in this chapter. 

Roggo, Y., Edmond, A., Chalus, P., and Ulmschneider, M. (2005), Infrared hyperspectral imaging for qualitative analysis of pharmaceutical solid forms, Anal. Chim. Acta, 535, 79-87. 

---