Hyla crucifer

The secretions of toad tadpoles affect the behavior of predators. Largemouth bass, Micropterus salmonides, even when starved for 1 day, almost totally reject tadpoles of Bufo americanus (Fig. 10.6) and Bufo woodhousei. However, the himgrier they become, the more tadpoles they will eat. With increasing experience with these tadpoles, the bass take fewer into their mouths and spit more out. In choice experiments, they prefer tadpoles of the spring peeper, Hyla crucifer, to those of Bufo spp. (Kruse and Stone, 1984). 

Fish discriminate between palatable and toxic prey. For instance, largemouth bass, Micropterus salmonides, reject the toxic tadpoles of the toad Bufo americanus but eat those of the spring peeper, Hyla crucifer [Kruse and Stone, 1984). 

The suggestion that the insecticide activity of a-terthienyl would not harm important non-target organisms conflicts with reports that this compound in vitro is highly phototoxic in Daphnia 151), fish Pime-phales promelas, fathead minnow) 158) and late embryonic stages of Ranapipiens 157) and Hyla crucifer 145). Actually, the phototoxicity in this fish makes a-terthienyl one of the most potent fish poisons known. 

Late embryonic stages of Rana pipiens (757) and Hyla crucifer (757) were found to be extremely sensitive to the effect of a-terthienyl in vitro, but only in the presence of sunlight. The phototoxicity level was comparable to that recorded with first-instar larvae of the mosquito Aedes aegypti (759). The relationship between developmental stage and... 

Pseudacris triseriata moved significantly more often toward odors from a Pseudacris breeding habitat than odors obtained from an upland forest. Hyla crucifer did not discriminate between these two types of odorants. Martof (1962)... 

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