Hydrostatic precipitator

A hydrostatic precipitator can be described as a centrifugal scrubber or a wet centrifuge. It is essentially a wet dust collector where dust is washed out of the air or gas by the combined action of the intermixing of water and dust-laden gas and of... 

It is shown that solute atoms differing in size from those of the solvent (carbon, in fact) can relieve hydrostatic stresses in a crystal and will thus migrate to the regions where they can relieve the most stress. As a result they will cluster round dislocations forming atmospheres similar to the ionic atmospheres of the Debye- Huckel theory ofeleeti oly tes. The conditions of formation and properties of these atmospheres are examined and the theory is applied to problems of precipitation, creep and the yield point."... 

Lemery defined precipitation as an expression chemists used to describe the fall of a body which had been suspended dissolved in a liquid from which it has been subsequently disunited. Although Fontenelle construed this as a physical definition based on the principles of hydrostatics, Lemery used it to differentiate true metallic precipitates, or the products of displacement reactions, from false ones. One could obtain false precipitates, or the matters that lost their initial metallic form and were reduced to a friable and indissoluble mass, in several ways. Calcination (red and violet mercury), incomplete dissolution in acids (antimony in spirit of salt or in regal water), and calcination after dissolution and evaporation (mercury in spirit of niter), all produced such precipitates. True metallic precipitates differed from false ones in that they were directly separated from their dissolution in liquid. As Lemery put it, false precipitates were abandoned by the liquid, while true precipitates abandoned the liquid themselves. True precipitates were made sometimes naturally through agitation, but mostly with recourse to the intermediates such as alkali salts or other metals. The choice of intermediates depended on the nature of the bodies to be precipitated. Lemery provided an exhaustive discussion for each case. In order to precipitate a resinous matter dissolved in spirit of wine, one could use common water which, by meshing intimately with the spirit, would precipitate the resinous matter. Camphor in spirit of wine could thus be... 

Pinty J-P, Jabouille P (1998) A mixed-phase cloud parameterization for use in mesoscale non-hydrostatic model simulations of a squall line and of orographic precipitations. Proc. conf. of cloud physics, Everett, WA, USA, Amer. Meteor, soc., Aug. 1999, pp 217-220... 

Brine may enter the base of an alluvial deposit where it can be forced upward under hydrostatic pressure and then drawn upward by capillary action as the brine is evaporated. A thin crust of salt then is precipitated on the land surface as water is evaporated from the brine. 

Figure 1.25 Rejection of a cellulose acetate membrane prepared from a casting solution containing 25% cellulose acetate, 45% acetone and 30% formamide by precipitation in a water bath at 0°C as a function of the evaporation time prior to the precipitation, (Test condition 1% NaCI-solution, 100 bar hydrostatic pressure).

The zone of maximum active decarbonatization is situated below the zone of maximum active carbonatization, or, in other words, the carbonates dissolved are transferred upwards by aqueous solutions in the form of a carbonate flux . The diagenesis of clay minerals in intercalated argillaceous beds may obviously change the chemical nature of the interstitial waters by modifying ionic ratios, alkalinity and pH so that the carbonates start to become precipitated. One could alternatively suggest that the formation waters migrating upwards from zones of higher pressure into zones of hydrostatic pressure can precipitate carbonates in intermediate pressure zones. 

At first glance, one might consider the effect of compressed CO2 on the phase behavior of multi-component polymer systems to be a simple combination of the known effects of liquid solvents and hydrostatic pressure. Solvent effects are primarily enthapic in nature and typically manifest in upper critical solution behavior. Common solvents mitigate unfavorable interactions between dissimilar segments and enhance miscibility. In blends, the addition of highly selective solvents, e.g. a non-solvent for one component, can lead to precipitation of the unfavored species at high dilution. In block copolymers, the effect of selective solvents is less clear, but studies to date reveal a collection of the solvent at the domain interface, selective dilation of one phase, and stabilization of the disordered phase via depression of the UODT. The systems we have studied each exhibit a lower critical transition. For these specific systems, previous work indicates the hydrostatic pressure suppresses free volume differences between the components and expands the region of miscibility. 

It has been proposed that sustained load cracking of titanium alloys in aqueous salt water environments results from the diffusion of hydrogen from the environment into the crack tip region. The increased hydrogen concentration in the hydrostatic stress field ahead of e crack tip results in hydride precipitation and subsequent cleavage fracture associated with the hydrides. Discontinuous crack growth occurs each time the crack moves out of the hydride-affected region and moves into hydride-free material where it is arrested. 

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