Hydrostatic actuators

Coarse solids are discharged by siphons extending to the bottom of the hindered-settling zone. Siphon control is obtained by a novel hydrostatically actuated valve which makes or breaks the siphon to flow only when the teeter zone is in correct condition. Discharge by an intermediate fraction from the upper column is by means of additional siphons. Hydraulic-water consumption is considerably lower than required for multipocket sizers. 

Anode, cathode, and electrolyte are the three main elements in reversible electrochemical actuators and the conducting polymer actuators can he classified as extensional actuators and hydrostatic actuators. In order to perform mechanical work, linear or biaxial dimensional changes are used for the extensional actuators as illustrated in Figure 8.81 [134]. On the other hand, during the electrochemical redox processes, the overall volume change of the anode, cathode, and electrolyte is considered to perform the mechanical work in the hydrostatic actuators. 

Fuze, Mine. A fuze designed to initiate a train of fire in a land mine. For initiation of underwater (sea) mine a device known as "Firing Mechanism, Underwater Mine" It is a device contg combustible or explosive components, which can be actuated by an acoustic signal, impact, hydrostatic pressure, and/or magnetic influence (Ref 40a, pp 71... 

The specimen was enclosed in a bellows vessel with silicone oil. This vessel was placed in a pressure vessel filled with another silicone oil and it was heated by an electric heater through the pressure vessel and outer oil jacket. The outer silicone oil was pressurized by a piston and an actuator. Thus at a given temperature, we could apply a hydrostatic pressure to the specimen through the bellows vessel. The volume change of the specimen was calculated from the displacement of the bellows measured using an LVDT (linear variable differential transformer). Inside the transformer, a pin was connected to an iron core and the pin was pushed by the bellows. At a translation of the bellows, the core, which was pressurized in a stainless steel pipe, also moved and the position of the core was detected by an LVDT coil from the outside of the pipe. 

Carpi F, Frediani G, De Rossi D (2010) Hydrostatically coupled dielectric elastomer actuators for tactile displays and cutaneous stimulators. EAPAD 2010, Proc SPIE 7642 76420E-1-76420E-6. doi 10.1117/12.847562... 

Schematic of single-cell analysis device. The fluidic channels are shown as dark, and the control channels as light. R1-R5 are reactant inlets, and SB and FB are the shield and focusing buffer inlets, respectively. Valves are actuated by applying pressure to the control inlets V1-V8. Pumps are activated by actuating P1-P3 or P4-P6 in series. Inset close-up of cell-trapping region. Cells are pushed by hydrostatic pressure from the cell inlet to waste.

By the use of the simulation tool, the performance of an electrostatic actuated diaphragm pump with the outer dimension of 7x7x2 mm was optimized. A maximum hydrostatic pressure of 310 hPa (3 m H2O) and maximum pump rates of 360 pl/min have been achieved at a supply voltage of 200 V The power consumption is less than 1 mW. 

Tactile Displays Based on Hydrostatically Coupled Actuators. 746... 

Some designs for DBA tactile displays are based on the hydrostatically coupled configuration (Carpi et al. 2010). As illustrated in Fig. 8, a circular patch of DE film is constrained by a rigid frame. Actuation that thins and expands the film makes it... 

Fig. 8 (a) Schematic illustration of a hydrostatically coupled actuator a DBA membrane (A) is coupled to a chamber containing a fluid (B) which provides electrical insulation and hydraulic transmission for driving a tactile surface (Q (b) example of a prototype display ((b) Reproduced with permission from Lee et al. 2014)... 

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