Hydrophilic wire

A 0.025 in hydrophilic wire (Boston Scientific, Natick, MA) is a nice alternative to use instead of the coil pusher. The larger lumen prevents wedging along side of the microcoil. The hydrophilic coating of the glidewire allows the wire to more readily pass around the tortuous curves that the microcatheter may be forced to take. 

Wires Glidewire (Terumo) Other hydrophilic wire ... 

Catheterisation of coeliac and superior mesenteric arteries is usually performed from the femoral artery. The radial or brachial approach may be preferred especially where the patient is thin and the angle with the aorta very acute. A 4- or 5-F visceral curved Glidecatheter (Terumo) and hydrophilic wire will allow more distal catheterisation which may be required to diagnose and cross the aneurysm or... 

When a tight irregular stricture cannot be crossed with a standard wire, a straight or curved hydrophilic wire (Terumo) is chosen and is followed by a 5-F Van Andell which can usually be coaxed down to the bladder. A super-stiff wire is then advanced for the dilatation. Occasionally a Terumo wire will perforate the ureter. A nephrostomy should then be placed and a few days later, the procedure repeated, using an atraumatic wire, such as the Bentson. 

Bentson or hydrophilic wire to gain peripheral access using a 5 F Cobra catheter (can be 4 F hydrophilic)... 

Fig. 11.1. a A 5-Fr Headhunter 1 catheter with hydrophilic wire (arrow), b Lateral view of the neck the catheter (arrow) has been passed into the hypopharynx with help of the wire and is rotated to point posteriorly towards the upper oesophageal sphincter, avoiding the trachea anteriorly (arrowheads), c The wire is advanced into the oesophagus and followed with the catheter... 

Since by changing the nature and/or the concentration of the components of the w/o microemulsions it is possible to change size and/or shape (spheres, needles, cubes, wires, bundles, etc.) of the hydrophilic microregions, in principle, the size, size distribution, and shape of the nanoparticles could easily be modulated [197,202, 212,213],... 

The most widely studied synthetic polymers for blood contact applications are polyether urethane ureas ( Biomer (Ethicon)). These materials have been used in artificial hearts, as coatings for lead wires in pacemakers, have been used and are being considered for blood vessel prostheses. The success of these materials is believed to be due to preferential adsorption of albumin rather than globulin or fibrinogen which promote a clotting response. However, these materials are hydrophobic and questions of long-term effectiveness are unresolved. Particularly, these materials may shed emboli or may be susceptible to surface calcification. Thus, it may be desirable to have synthetic polymers which are hydrophilic and better resemble blood vessels [475]. 

Pseudorotaxanes can also be obtained as a consequence of simple hydrophobic/ hydrophilic interactions. This is the case for the since long known species in which a wire-type component (9 +) threads the cavity of a-cyclodextrin 10 (Figure 3b) [9]. 

It could be shown by IR spectrometry (8) that, in the dried state, about four to five HjO molecules per repeat unit remain embedded, as shown in Figure 10.1. They are aU anchored by H-bonds on C=0 groups of carboxylate COO groups and form water wires that otherwise hydrate neighbouring hydrophilic groups, establishing H-bonds with them. 

Coated-wire electrode (CWE)-type devices for in vivo monitoring have also been described. For example, workers at General Electric Inc. (N3), have patented a catheter for in vivo pH measurements which was based on the approach used by the Miles workers to prepare the previously mentioned K CWE. The ISE portion of the pH catheter consisted of a Ag/AgCl wire coated first with a hydrophilic polymer containing bufifer components and chloride ions and then with a polymer membrane containing a H" carrier molecule. A second tube with appropriate Ag/AgCl wire and electrolyte served as the external reference element. Once again, stable potentials can only be obtained if the osmolarity of the hydrophilic polymer layer matches that of whole blood. 

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