Fatty acid hydrogenation

Continuous slurry reactors are generally either of one of two designs. One type uses a reactor loop, generally known as a Buss loop design the other is a co-current hydrogen/fatty acid/catalyst system mainly marketed by Lurgi. Continuous slurry reactors are more popular in Europe, Asia, and South America than in the United States. 

Hydrogenation is utilized to reduce the unsaturation and poly-unsaturation of fatty acids. Hydrogenated fatty acids can also be... 

Novel catalysts (141) such as Ru-Sn and Re-Sn can be used to hydrogenate fatty acids or methylesters to fatty alcohols. Using these catalysts, the hydrogenation can be carried out at the same temperature (250°C) but lower pressure (50 bars), and the unsaturations present remain unaffected. The presence of tin has been found to be instrumental in the preservation of the unsaturation during hydrogenation. Ru-Sn supported on alumina was found to be most selective when they were prepared via the sol-gel method. 

These oilseeds have been developed over the past two decades. These oils are very low in linolenic acid (except high oleic canola). All of these oils can be used for industrial frying without hydrogenation. Fatty acid compositions of these oils are listed in Table 6. These oils are in hmited supply and they are expensive. Com oil, cottonseed oil, and palmolein have been included along with the others for comparison. 

Oxidation- loss of e-Reduction- gain of e-Coupled Processes Biochemical Oxidize Add 0 or remove H Reduce Reverse of oxidize Metals Change valence ROH to >C=0 Hydrogenate fatty acid... 

Trade Name Synonyms Philwax 126 [Process Chems. LLC/Textiles] Philwax SE-95 [Process Chems. LLC/Textiles] Special Fat 168T [Sasol Germany http //www.sasol.com, http //www.sasololefinssurfactants.com, Sasol N. Am. http //www.sasolnorthamerica.com] Hydrogenated tallow acid CAS 61790-38-3 EINECS/ELINCS 263-130-9 Synonyms Acids, tallow, hydrogenated Fatty acids, tallow, hydrogenated Tallow acid, hydrogenated... 

Total hydrogenated fatty acid methyl esters... 

Synonims aluminum magnesium hydroxide + hydrogenated fatty acid ... 

There are a number of different fatty acids, differing in both the length of the carbon chain and whether or not they have one or more double bonds (—CH=CH—) in the chain (see Figure 4.10). Those with no double bonds are saturated fatty acids — the carbon chain is completely saturated with hydrogen. Those with double bonds are unsaturated fatty acids — the carbon chain is not completely saturated with hydrogen. Fatty acids with one double bond are known as monounsaturated, whereas those with two or more double bonds are known as polyunsaturated. 

Little information is available with regards to the capacity of fungi in the ruminal BH process. Nam and Gamsworthy (2007) reported that rumen fungi can hydrogenate fatty acids in vitro until the formation of VA bnt the BH is slower compared to rnmen bacteria. 

Hydrogenation is utilized to reduce the unsaturation and poly-unsaturation of fatty acids. Hydrogenated fatty acids also can be produced by the hydrogenation of triglycerides followed by splitting of the resulting fat/oil blend. The selective reduction of di- and poly-unsaturation often is accomplished by the use of nickel-based specialized catalysts, by a process often called touch hydrogenation. 

Chem. Descrip. Hydrogenated fatty acid ethoxylate Ionic Nature Nonionic Uses Emulsifier for ester oils Features Suitable for high temp, processes no yellowing Properties Cl., yellowish liq. disp. in cold, demineralized water vise. 950-1650 mPa S flash pt. > 250 C pH 5.5-7 5 100%... 

Synonyms Acids, menhaden, hydrogenated Fatty acids, menhaden oil, hydrogenated Menhaden acid, hydrogenated... 

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