Hydrogen peroxide-Hydrochloric acid

Hydrogen peroxide—hydrochloric acid reagent converts 2-aminoben2otrifluoride to 2-amino-5-chloroben2otrifluoride [121 -50-6], a dye intermediate (Cl A2oic Dia2o Component 17), without contamination by the 3-chloro isomer such as is observed with molecular chlorine (CI2) (302). 

Acetone, Hydrogen peroxide. Sulfuric acid Acetone, Hydrogen peroxide. Hydrochloric acid Nitroform, Acrolein, Methylene chloride. Magnesium sulfate... 

Free-base porphyrins can be chlorinated with hydrogen peroxide-hydrochloric acid mixtures, but formation of mono- and di-substituted derivatives is not easy to control, the reaction preferring to produce the methine tetrachloro derivative. The magnesium(II) comptex of porphin (1) can be transformed into the 5,10,15,20-tetrabromo derivative with NBS, and no peripheral substitution is observed however, free-base porphin (1) is mono-brominated at a peripheral carbon under these circumstances. Treatment of deuteropor-phyrin-IX (Table 1) with pyridinium bromide perbromide gives the 3,8-dibromo derivative. 

Diaminothiadiazine Ila affords the 4-bromo and 4,4 -dibromo derivatives with bromine in water, and the 4,4-dichloro compound with hydrogen peroxide/hydrochloric acid (86FES862). The 4-hydroxyimino derivatives of 3,5-diaminothiadiazine 11b (76JHC793) and of 3-oxo-5-aminothiadiazine 4b (78JHC221) have been prepared. Reactions of aminothiadiazines with... 

Hydrogen fluoride, 173 Hydrogen iodide, 173-174 Hydrogen peroxide, 174-175 Hydrogen peroxide-Hydrochloric acid, 174-175... 

Hydrochloric acid, glycerol, hydrogen peroxide, sulfuric acid, wood Dryness and prolonged air exposure See alkali metals... 

Ethyl Acetate Ethyl Alcohol Hydrochloric Acid Hydrofluoric Acid, 50% Hydrogen Peroxide Nitric Acid... 

Ceric compounds are reduced to cerous very easily by such reagents as hydrogen peroxide in acid solution, sulfur dioxide, hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid, stannous chloride, ferrous sulfate, etc. The transformation of ceric oxide to a cerous salt requires the presence of the desired acid and a reducing agent, since CeC>2 is difficultly soluble in mineral acids. It may be accomplished by (1) nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide (2) hydroquinone and hydrochloric or sulfuric acids (3) hydrochloric acid and an alkali iodide. 

Production of ammonia (and then fertilizers), methanol, hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid, oxo alcohols, dyestuffs, hydrochloric acid... 

Sulphuric acid Hydrochloric acid Nitric acid Caustic soda Sodium carbonate Sodium sulphate Copper sulphate Carbon disulphide Aluminium sulphate Oxygen (10,000m ) Hydrogen peroxide Citric acid Tannin extract Lead oxides (red lead, etc.) Zinc oxide Superphosphate Ammonium sulphate Calcium cyanamide Calcium carbide Ammonia Acetic acid... 

On-site generation is necessary because the compressed liquid is explosive at room temperature. It is an unstable gas and therefore is not stored or shipped in bulk. Chlorine dioxide is most commonly produced by reacting chlorine gas with sodium chlorite. These generation systems are described in chapter 3, and they use various combinations of sodium chlorite, sodium chlorate, hydrogen peroxide, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and sodium hypochlorite solution. 

Manganese(IV) oxide is a dark-brown solid, insoluble in water and dilute acids. Its catalytic decomposition of potassium chlor-ate(V) and hydrogen peroxide has already been mentioned. It dissolves slowly in alkalis to form manganates(lW), but the constitution of these is uncertain. It dissolves in ice-cold concentrated hydrochloric acid forming the complex octahedral hexachloromangan-ate(IV) ion ... 

For this reaction, charcoal is a catalyst if this is omitted and hydrogen peroxide is used as the oxidant, a red aquopentammino-cobalt(lll) chloride, [Co(NH3)jH20]Cl3, is formed and treatment of this with concentrated hydrochloric acid gives the red chloro-p0itatnmino-coba. t(lll) chloride, [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2. In these latter two compounds, one ammonia ligand is replaced by one water molecule or one chloride ion it is a peculiarity of cobalt that these replacements are so easy and the pure products so readily isolated. In the examples quoted, the complex cobalt(III) state is easily obtained by oxidation of cobalt(II) in presence of ammonia, since... 

The benzoic acid may be separated by steam distillation or by saturating the aqueous mixture of sodium salts with sulphur dioxide whilst maintaining the temperature below 40° the benzoic acid precipitates and can be separated by filtration or extraction with ether. Acidification of the filtrate with hydrochloric acid liberates the pyruvic acid. The pjTuvic acid may be oxidised < lth hydrogen peroxide to the arylacetic acid, for example ... 

It is recommended that the eompound be fused with a mixture of sodium carbonate (2 parts) and sodium peroxide (1 part) as in the test for Plvoaphoms. Extract the fused mass with water, filter, and acidify with dilute hydrochloric acid. Pass hydrogen sulphide through the hot solution arsenic is precipitated as yellow arsenic sulphide. If antimony is present, it will be precipitated as orange antimony trisulphide. 

C. HIO is prepared by oxidation of iodine with perchloric acid, nitric acid, or hydrogen peroxide or oxidation of iodine in aqueous suspension to iodic acid by silver nitrate. Iodic acid is also formed by anodic oxidation at a platinum electrode of iodine dissolved in hydrochloric acid (113,114). 

Wet chlorination is performed by sparging slimes slurried either in water or hydrochloric acid using chlorine gas, or other oxidants such as sodium chlorate or hydrogen peroxide which Hberate chlorine from hydrochloric acid, at about 100°C. Under these conditions, selenium and selenides rapidly oxidize and dissolve. 

The most important of these is the diboride, TiB2, which has a hexagonal stmeture and lattice parameters of a = 302.8 pm and c = 322.8 pm. Titanium diboride is a gray crystalline soUd. It is not attacked by cold concentrated hydrochloric or sulfuric acids, but dissolves slowly at boiling temperatures. It dissolves mote readily in nitric acid/hydrogen peroxide or nitric acid/sulfuric acid mixtures. It also decomposes upon fusion with alkaU hydroxides, carbonates, or bisulfates. 

The action of hydrogen peroxide on freshly precipitated hydrated Ti(IV) oxide or the hydrolysis of a peroxide compound such as K2[Ti(02)(S0 2] yields, after drying, a yellow soHd, stable below 0°C, of composition TiO 2H2O. There is one peroxo group per titanium, but the precise stmcture is not known. The yellow soHd loses oxygen and water when heated and Hberates chlorine from hydrochloric acid. When freshly prepared, it is stable in acid or alkah, giving peroxy salts. 

Many reagents are able to chlorinate aromatic pyrazole derivatives chlorine-water, chlorine in carbon tetrachloride, hypochlorous acid, chlorine in acetic acid (one of the best experimental procedures), hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid, sulfuryl chloride (another useful procedure), etc. iV-Unsubstituted pyrazoles are often used as silver salts. When methyl groups are present they are sometimes chlorinated yielding CCI3 groups. Formation of dimers and trimers (308 R = C1) has also been observed. 

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