Hydrogen induction technique

The shift in the absorption position helps in predicting this factors which cause this shift. Some of the factors which cause this shift from its characteristic wave number are inductive effect, conjugation, angle or strain and hydrogen bonding etc. Therefore, it is a very reliable technique for disclosing the identity of compound. 

The induction time data and density profiles pf detonations in oxy-hydrogen and oxy-methane mixtures were analyzed on the basis of the kinetic data obtained by the reflected-wave technique and similar methods. A plot of the ignition delay vs 1/T in oxy-ammonia mixtures gave a straight line with a slope corresponding to an activation energy of 42.5 kcal/mole. In these mixtures the induction zone is not uniform, but the shock front is flat and end of the reaction zone is clearly discernible. Onedimensional detonation waves of low Mach number but relatively stable were obtained in a gas preheated to 600-1800°K ahead of the shock front... 

Oran et al. [218,219] developed a global parameterized model which describes the chemical induction time as a function of temperature and pressure. Parameters of the induction time function were determined for stoichiometric hydrogen and methane in air mixtures. The parameters were fitted to numerical results obtained from the simulations based on detailed reaction mechanisms. This technique allowed a 22-times faster calculation of the induction time and reduced the simulation time in a onedimensional model by a factor of 7.5. The fitted model was used in two-dimensional shock-wave simulations. 

The carbon fiber support and the catalysts before and after reduction were characterized with various techniques, viz. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), Nz-physisorption, inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (Vista AZ CCD simultaneous ICP-AES) and hydrogen chemisorption. 

Larsen et al.10 (Shell Development Company) used the same technique to study the oxidation of pure compounds. All the saturated hydrocarbons they tested—n- and branched paraffins and cycloparaffins—were found to react rapidly after a preliminary induction period and in an autocatalytic manner. Figure 5.2 shows their oxygen uptake and relative rates—these are not adjusted for the number of hydrogens. It can be seen that perhydroanthracene, a tricyclic condensed naphthene, oxidizes most quickly of this group, and more recent studies... 

Actual metal contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Metal particles were examined by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and CO chemisorption. Details about the procedures used can be found elsewhere [9]. In the case of Pd-Ag/C catalysts, the combination of these three techniques enabled us to obtain the metal particles size and their bulk and surface composition [9, 13]. Finally, the Pt/C catalysts were tested for benzene hydrogenation, and the Pd-Ag/C catalysts were used to study mass transfer in the support during a well-known reaction the selective hydrodechlorination of 1,2-diehloroethane into ethylene. 

---