Hydrogen by water

The solar production of hydrogen by water photoelectrolysis is an open field in which chemists, electrical engineers, material scientists, physicists, and others practice together. This book is intended as a modern text on the subject for an advanced (undergraduate and up) reader that leads, hopefully, to a point from which the current literature in much of the field can be read with a critical understanding and appreciation. Semiconductors are intrinsic to and hence implicit in water photoelectrolysis, yet the astute reader will have already noticed semiconductor is missing from the title we mean no disrespect to semiconductors, rather we prefer short and hopefully catchy titles. 

To provide fuel, officials built a hydrogen station on the base. This station consists of a power control unit, a water container, a fuel processor that produces hydrogen by water electrolysis, a compressor (to... 

Balachandran, U., Lee, T., Wang, S., Dorris, S. (2004). Use of mixed conducting membranes to produce hydrogen by water dissociation. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 29, 291-296. 

They further developed highly efficient, easily fabricated materials for the solar generation of hydrogen by water photoelectrolysis. Here, they modified the bandgap of Ti02 by in-situ doping or surface modifications [64, 68] so that the resulted nanotubes become photocatalytically active to visible light. 

Grundt T, Christiansen K (1982), Hydrogen by water electrolysis as basis for small scale ammonia production - a comparison with hydrocarbon based technologies , Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 7(3), 247-257. 

In recent years the suggestion has arisen that hydrogen will become the universal energy vector and fuel of the post petroleum era. This paper reviews in outline the Hydrogen Energy concept, with particular reference to the role of electrochemistry in the generation of hydrogen by water electrolysis and its utilization by combustion in a fuel cell. 

T. Grundt and K. Christiansen, Hydrogen by water electrolysis as a basis for small-scale ammonia production. Paper 4, Proc. Four Int. Conf. Fertilizer Technology, p. 73, British Sulphur Corp., London (1981). 

Replacing hydrogen by water yields carboxylic adds and the modified readion is named hydrocarboxylation (Equation 7.2). Another example of synthesis taking place with very similar mechanism is hydroesterification (also termed hydroalkoxy-carbonylation) that uses alcohol as hydrogen source, yielding esters as produds (Equation 7.3). 

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