Binary hydrogen compounds

Binary Compounds of Hydrogen. Binary compounds of hydrogen with the more electropositive elements are designated hydrides (NaH, sodium hydride). 

Hydrides are compounds that contain hydrogen (qv) in a reduced or electron-rich state. Hydrides may be either simple binary compounds or complex ones. In the former, the negative hydrogen is bonded ionicaHy or covalendy to a metal, or is present as a soHd solution in the metal lattice. In the latter, which comprise a large group of chemical compounds, complex hydridic anions such as BH, A1H, and derivatives of these, exist. 

Arsenic Hydrides. Although there are occasionally reports of other arsenic hydrides, eg, AS2H4, AS2H2 (or AsH), and AS4H2, the only weU-characterized binary compound of arsenic and hydrogen is arsine. 

Thus the hydride is a very efficient carrier of hydrogen. Upon heating, calcium reacts with boron, sulfur, carbon, and phosphoms to form the corresponding binary compounds and with carbon dioxide to form calcium carbide [73-20-7J, CaC2, and calcium oxide [1305-78-8] CaO. 

Many of these binary compounds have hydrogen in its +1 oxidation state, and so the name hydride is not really appropriate. However, it is the conventional term. 

Sn f-Test 14.3 A What common binary compounds of hydrogen are powerful reducing agents ... 

Boron forms a remarkable series of binary compounds with hydrogen—the boranes. These compounds include diborane, B2H6, and more complex compounds such as decaborane, B10H14. Anionic versions of these compounds, the borohydrides, are known the most important is BH4 as sodium borohydride, NaBH4. 

The boranes are an extensive series of binary compounds of boron and hydrogen, somewhat analogous to the hydrocarbons. The starting point for borane production is the reaction (in an organic solvent) of sodium borohydride with boron trifluoride ... 

Carbon forms a huge number of binary compounds with hydrogen. Three major categories of these compounds are alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. An alkane has only single bonds between carbon atoms. The four simplest alkanes, which are shown in Figure 3-7. are methane, ethane, propane, and butane. An alkene, on the other hand, contains one or more double bonds between carbons, and an alkyne has one or more triple bonds between carbon atoms. Figure shows the structures of ethylene, the simplest alkene, and acetylene, the simplest alkyne. 

Compounds containing carbon in a negative oxidation state are properly called carbides, and many such compounds are known. In a manner analogous to the behavior of hydrogen and boron, carbon forms three types of binary compounds, which are usually called ionic, covalent, and interstitial... 

Some compounds, namely molecular compounds, contain only nonmetals. Normally the compounds you need to name are binary compounds (containing only two elements). If you have highlighted the metalloids on your periodic table, everything to the right of the metalloids is a nonmetal. The following rules apply to both nonmetals and metalloids. The only nonmetal excluded from these nomenclature rules is hydrogen. 

Finally, we need to consider compounds containing the nonmetal hydrogen. Remember that hydrogen is an exception. In simple binary compounds with nonmetals, we treat hydrogen as a metal. As a metal in the first column, it should have a +1 charge. Thus, H2S is hydrogen sulfide. 

Halogen (group VIIA) in binary compound with a metal -1 or hydrogen... 

The oxidation number of hydrogen in compounds is +1, except it is -1 when combined with metals or boron in binary compounds. 

Boron forms a class of binary compounds known as boron hydrides or boranes with hydrogen (Numbers in parentheses are the number of hydrogen atoms in each compound.) The names, CAS Numbers, and formulas of some of these compounds are ... 

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