Hydrodynamic trapping

Those that occur in structures without a hydrostatic closure (i.e. pure hydrodynamic traps). 

Entrapment, Type of trap Hydrostatic traps Hydrostatic and hydrodynamic traps... 

Entrapment Type of trap Trapping condition Hydrostatic traps Hydrostatic Hydrostatic traps Hydrostatic Hydrostatic and hydrodynamic traps Favourable increased holding capacity top seals Hydrostatic and hydrodynamic traps Unfavourable decreased holding capacity top seal... 

Stagnant Subzone. The liquid contained in this region is hydrodynamically trapped, and the zone is generally several thousand feet below the soil surface. Highly toxic wastes may be injected here if the zone can properly accept and keep the waste. 

It would be tempting to account for the distribution of hydrocarbons in this area by hydrodynamic trapping, but we are unconvinced that sufficient water movement can be taking place to accomplish migration. We face the same dilemma as faced by studies of sandstone diagenesis (e.g.. Land and... 

Hydrodynamic traps are caused by water flow. Combination traps are due to a combination of any two or more of the above processes. 

Cell Assays in Mkrofluidics, Fig. 1 (a) HFFl 1 cell line grown in microfluidic V-channels for monitoring intracellular reporter gene activity (Image reproduced, with permission, from Ref. [5]). (b) Cell from suspension hydrodynamically trapped in a perfusion chamber (Image reproduced, with permission, from Ref. [6]). (c) A device for creating controlled linear, parabolic, and periodic concentration gradients based on diffusive... 

With typical microchannel flow rates usually smaller than 10 pL/min, a microflow has to be capable of continuous and uniform perfusion of media as well as steady culturing conditions. The flow must have a distribution such that adherent cells are not exposed to signiflcant shear stress. Cells in suspension are assayed either while carried by bulk microflow or, more often, after immobilization in the chip. Common immobilization techniques in microchannels are hydrodynamic trapping [6, 7] and adsorbing cells to a chemically treated surface [8]. 

Cell Fusion in Microfluidks, Fig. 8 High-throughput cell pairing with hydrodynamic traps (Adapted with permission from Ref. [8])... 

High-Throughput Pairing and Fusion of Cells with Passive Hydrodynamic Traps... 

Flow-Based Particle Trapping and Manipulation, Fig. 3 (a) Hydrodynamic trap based on microeddies generated by low-frequency fluid oscillations around a cylinder in a microchannel. (b) Image showing four trapped microspheres using microeddies around a cylindrical post. Arrow indicates the direction of fluid oscillations. (Scale bar, 250 pm) (a, b) (Reprinted with permission from [7] 2006 American Chemical Society). (c) Hydrodynamic trap based on microvortices... 

Flow-Based Particle Trapping and Manipulation, Fig. 7 Time-lapse image of the relaxation dynamics of an individual single-stranded DNA molecule (ssDNA, L = 18 jm) studied by the hydrodynamic trap based on a planar extensional flow. A single fluorescently labeled... 

DNA molecule is trapped and stretched with the hydrodynamic trap. The flow is stopped subsequently, allowing for relaxation of the DNA molecule (molecule relaxing right to l ) (Adapted from [15] with permission from The Royal Society of Chemistry)... 

Hydrodynamic trap for single particles and cells. Appl Phys Lett 96 224101... 

A microfluidic-based hydrodynamic trap design and implementation. Lab Chip 11(10) 1786-1794... 

Jdnsson, R McColl, J. Clarke, R. W. Ostanin, V. R Jdnsson, B. Klenerman, D., Hydrodynamic trapping of molecules in lipid bilayers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2012,109, 10328—10333. 

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