Imaging reproducibility

ColorFilm. Most color photographic images reproduced on press are made from positive color transparencies known as sHdes. Transparencies are preferred over color prints for reproduction because of superior sharpness, tonal contrast, and color saturation (see Color photography). 

Figure 7.5 STM images of the chemisorption of nitric oxide at Rh(l 11) at a pressure of 0.03 Torr at 298 K showing the phase transition between (2 x 2) and a (3 x 3) structure, (a) t = 0 s (b) t — I I0 s the phase boundary has now moved and is half-way across the image. (Reproduced from Ref. 6).

Figure 9.12 Schematic diagram illustrating the geometry of detectors used for STEM BF, STEM HAADF and STM BSE imaging. (Reproduced from Ref. 35).

Figure 9.14 Particle size distribution of the Au/Ti02, Au/MgAl204 and Au/A1203 catalysts obtained from STEM images. (Reproduced from Ref. 39).

The smoothness of the surface of the thermosensitive layer has considerable influence on image intensity and image reproducibility. This is achieved by calendering of high line pressure. So, paraffin waxes are used as antipressure agent in order to prevent undesirable coloring on calendering. 

Figure6.7 (a) STM image of (5 x /SJ-rectvanadium oxide islands on Rh(l 1 1) (1000A x 1000A, + 1.5 V, 0.1 nA). Inset enlarged section of an (5 x 03)-rect island (70A x 70 A, +0.5 V, 0.1 nA) (b) DFT-derived model of the (5 x. y3)-rect structure, unit cell and structural units are indicated (V green, O red, Rh gray). Inset simulated STM image. (Reproduced with permission from Refs [18, 101].)...

Figure 10.13 Hyphae of Fusarium alkanophllum from light hydrocarbons producing important amounts of metabolic water from the substrate. In cultures for more than 90 days, drops of water associated to the soluble degraded products were observed. Scale = 10.5 xm (Light Microscope image). (Reproduced from Marcanoa, 2002, by permission of Elsevier)...

Figure 1.8 Schematic diagram of a capillary (one of hundreds) within the printing head of a bubble-jet printer. The resistor heats a small portion of solution, which boils thereby increasing the pressure. Bubbles form within 5 (rs of resistance heating after 10 xs the micro-bubbles coalesce to force liquid from the aperture and a bubble is ejected a further 10 xs later. The ejected bubble impinges on the paper moments afterwards to form a written image. Reproduced by permission of Avecia...

Figure 6.6 Low-resolution SEM images of xerogel films. The TEOS film is 2 months old all other films are 3 months old. Film age does not affect the SEM images. (Reproduced from ref. 7, with permission.)...

Fig. 1.18. Four STM images of 4Hb-TaS2 at 4.2 K. These images were taken during a period of about 2 h on the same area of the surface under identical tunneling conditions (7=2.2 nA, V=25 mV). These images demonstrate the role of tip electronic states on the STM images. (Reproduced from Coleman et al., 1988, with permission.)...

Figure 20.6. Comparisons of experimental and theoretical electron diffraction radial distribution curves based on ab initio geometries for the bridged C2F4I radical structure (on left) and a sum of classical anti and gauche structures (on right)." The intermediate present 5 ps after the pump pulse was defined structurally through 2D diffraction difference images. [Reproduced with permission from H. Ihee, V. A. Lobastov, U. M. Gomez, B. M. Goodson, R. Srinivasan, C.-Y. Ruan, and A. H. Zewail, Science 2001, 291, 458. Copyright 2001 American Association for the Advancement of Science.]...

Fig. 15 Scanning electron microscopy images of (a) the top surface and (b) the cross-section of an MIP membrane, (c) the bottom surface of the MIP membrane (the surface contacting the glass substrate during solidification), (d) the cross-section of the control membrane. The inset in (a) is a Fourier transform of the top surface SEM image. Reproduced with permission from [214]...

Fig. 46. Normal force (topography) images (a,b) and SLAM amplitude (stiffness) images (c,d) of a PVC/PB polymer blend at room temperature (a,b) and at 373 K (c,d). At high temperature, the matrix became more compliant (darker in the SLAM image). Reproduced from [ 138]...

Figure 1.2 Spectral transmittances of the filters. The filters were placed in front of the projectors which were used to illuminate the Mondrian image. (Reproduced from Land EH and McCann JJ 1971 Lightness and retinex theory. Journal of the Optical Society of America 61(1), 1-11, by permission from The Optical Society of America.)...

Figure 5.13 FTIR images of uncured PBD-ZDA blends (a) 1270 cm-1 image of ZDA (b) the image of PBD from integration of 3115-2810 cm-1 (c) the individual spectra extracted from the image. Reproduced from figure 1 of Ref. 28, with permission.

Figure 5.15 Top, images of the center of a PEG spherulite obtained by plotting the 1343 cm-1 band from data obtained using either parallel (right) or perpendicular (left) radiation. Bottom, a dichroic ratio image obtained by ratioing the top images. Reproduced form figure 2 of Ref. 31, with permission.

Figure 6.8 Stereochemical image reproducing H2O2 molecule attack on Fe-OH catalytic site.

Figure 7.3 Regulation of HMG-R expression in male and female /. paraconfusus. A JH Ill-induced HMG-R mRNA levels in females and males following topical application of 5.3 pg JH III. B Northern blot showing the effect of topical JH III application on HMG-R mRNA in males. The doses applied are shown above the image. In both A and B, poly(A)+RNA was isolated 20 h following treatment. The relative levels of HMG-R mRNA (normalized to the actin signal) compared to untreated males is given below each image. Reproduced from Tittiger et al. (1999) with permission.

Figure 5 A schematic illustration of a multistep continuous-flow synthesis system for making ZnS-coated CdSe composite particles. Luminescence spectra of uncoated CdSe from CdSe portion and coated particles from the outlet at different flow rates. Labels denote the flow volume of the two syringes for the CdSe and ZnS raw feedstock. Uncoated CdSe nanoparticles were obtained using a flow rate of 100 pi min 1 images reproduced, with permission, from Wang et al, 2004).

Figure 6 Schematic of an integrated microreactor for the continuous synthesis of CdSe/ZnS and CdS/ZnS nanoparticles (Sl-syringe pump with Se precursor, S2-syringe pump with S precursor, S3-syringe pump with Cd-OA-OLA, S4-syringe pump with Cd-OA-OLA-TOPO, Y—Y conjunction, M-micromixer, V-stop valve, C-channel images reproduced, with permission, from Yang et al., 2009).

Fig. 11. Color image (reproduced here in black and white) reproduced by a-Si H singletube camera.

Figure 2. Variation of the shift, AE, in the core- eve binding energy (relative to the bulk meta value) of Pd with the nanoparticle diameter. The diameters were obtained from HREM and STM images (reproduced with permission from ref. [3]).

Figure 8.4. Transmission electron micrograph showing hexagonal close-packed Ag nanocrystals (diameter 7 nm) obtained by evaporating a chloroform dispersion on a carbon substrate. The average interparticle distance is 1.5 nm. The inset shows the two-dimensional power spectrum of the image (reproduced with permission from reference...

Figure 1.5. Top ball-and-stick model for a single-walled nanotube with a bond rotation defect (gray atoms). Bottom corresponding simulated 3D-local density of states image. Reproduced from reference 9 with permission from American Chemical Society.

Figure 7.10. Sectioning of a TEM sample using an ultramicrotome instrument. Shown is an ultramicrotome instrument with a built-in nitrogen cryogenic system, used to section samples with a thickness of 25 nm-5 mm.h7l Also shown is a TEM image of polymer capsules that have been sectioned using an ultramicrotome instrument. Image reproduced with permission from Dai, Z. Mohwald, H. Langmuir 2002,18, 9533. Copyright 2002 American Chemical Society.

Images reproduced with permission from Verlinden, G. Janssens, G. Gijbels, R. Van Espen, R Ana/. Chem. 1997, 69, 3772. Copyright 1997 American Chemical Society. 

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