Hydrodynamic cavitation equipment

CaviMax and CaviPro processors, 23-26 cavitational devices, 23-24 characterization of Reynolds and throat cavitation numbers, 25-27 classical approach, 18 copper-modified zinc oxide with crystallographic strain, 38-39 crystallographic strain by hydrodynamic cavitation, 34-39 engineered synthesis, 18-19 equipment for hydrodynamic cavitation, 21-22... 

The reactor used for the sonochemical work was a conventional ultrasonic bath that many readers will recognise as a piece of equipment for cleaning components. The hydrodynamic cavitation reactor was a vessel with an orifice plate in the main feed line to generate cavitation. While fully acceptable yields of 97-99% were achieved with the sonochemical reactor (and also, except for the case of peanut oil feedstock, with the hydrodynanuc cavitation reactor), the most interesting data related to the energy used. These are compared in Table 8.4. The energy efficiency is defined as the yield in kg of product per kJ of energy used in the reactor. 

Cavitation can be minimized by a proper design to minimize hydrodynamic pressure differences and specifying a smooth finish on all critical metal surfaces. One can use higher pressure or lower temperature to reduce the formation of the damaging steam bubbles causing cavitation. Proper operation of pumps and equipment is necessary, for example, a pump should not be operated on plugged or impaired flow lines.84... 

Cavitation often occurs in hydrodynamical equipment. Our research is concerned about cavitation near ship propellers. Here cavitation causes erosion, lift oscillations and sound. The purpose of our research is eventually to find scaling rules for the sound emission of propeller models to full scale noise. Several types of cavitation can be distinguished, see for example Knapp, Daily and Hammitt [ 1]. The occurence of those types depends on, for example, the cavitation number, free stream velocity and the angle of incidence. Here a division as scotched in figure 1 will be given. 

---