CaviPro processor

CaviMax and CaviPro processors, 23-26 cavitational devices, 23-24 characterization of Reynolds and throat cavitation numbers, 25-27 classical approach, 18 copper-modified zinc oxide with crystallographic strain, 38-39 crystallographic strain by hydrodynamic cavitation, 34-39 engineered synthesis, 18-19 equipment for hydrodynamic cavitation, 21-22... 

Fig. 4. Schematic of cavitation bubbles interacting with a slurry of precipitated gel particles. The configuration shows typical two orifice processing as afforded in the CaviPro 300 processor. Cavitating bubbles initially form, expand in the recovery zone, and collapse with the formation of a microjet and shock wave.

Two cavitational devices manufactured by Five Star Technologies were used for synthesis and were the models CaviMax (a single-orifice processor, operating at a constant flow rate and variable pressures) and the CaviPro 300... 

Fig. 5. Diagram of a typical flow configuration for synthesis in the CaviPro 300 processor equipped with a double-orifice cavitation chamber. Metal salt solutions are metered into a precipitating agent just before the inlet to the high pressure pump. The pressure of the solution is then raised to between 1 and 200 MPa and passed through a set of two orifices that generate cavitating bubbles. The effluent is shown to recycle back to the reservoir containing the precipitating agent.

Fig. 6. XRD analysis of oven-calcined ammonium molybdate for 4 h at progressively higher temperatures are shown in the top half of the figure. The XRD of 373 K-dried products from the treatment of ammonium molybdate in an inert solvent in the CaviPro 300 and CaviMax processors are shown in the bottom half of the figure.

Fig. 12. Strain introduced into PZT crystallites of PbZro.5Tio.5O3 by cavitational processing in the double-orifice processor (CaviPro 300) as a function of different sets of orifices, shown on the left side of the figure. Similar data using the single orifice processor (CaviMax) are shown on the right side of the figure.

Several series of methanol synthesis catalysts were prepared by the coprecipitation of the appropriate metal salts in either Na2C03 or (NH4)2C03 using the CaviPro 300 (dual-orifice processor) at both high and low pressures. The experiments were carried out using a 0.152-mm first orifice while varying... 

CaviPro and CaviMax processors, 28-29 cavitational heating, 31 computed activation energy, 30 degree of in situ calcination, 28 reaction rate calculation, 30 sample from lowest temperature oven calcination, 29-30 shock wave, 30... 

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