Hydrocarbons in Coals

Hydrocarbons in coals have been oxidised by RuO. A Pocahontas coal of empirical formula i5S j703 3g was treated with RuCyaq. Na(IO )/CCb-CH3CN to 

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Lehmann, E., Auffarth, J., and Hager, J. Determination of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coal-tar, coal-tar pitch and tar products (German), Staub-Reinhalt Luft, 44 452-455, 1984. 

Oil, or petroleum, is a liquid mixture of medium-length hydrocarbons (shorter than the hydrocarbons in coal, but longer than the hydrocarbons in natural gas). It is usually black or dark brown and has a strong smell, but the characteristics of oil vary greatly, depending on its specific ingredients. 

The emissivity detector or what is now known as the Flame Photometric detector (FPD) was originally developed by Grant (9) in 1958 but was not produced commercially at the time as it could not compete in sensitivity with the ionization detectors. The emissivity detector, however, has some unique properties that can make its response quite specific, thus giving it certain unique areas of application. Grant originally employed it to differentiate aromatic from paraffinic hydrocarbons in coal tar products by measuring the luminosity that the aromatic nucleus imparted to the flame. 

Low GK-C, Batley GE, Lidgard RO, et al. 1986. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coal fly ash using gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Biomed Environ Mass Spectrom 13 95-104. 

Radke M.,Willsch H.,Teichmuller M. (1990) Generation and distribution of aromatic hydrocarbons in coals of low rank. Org. Geochem. 15, 539—64. 

Madsen EL, Bilotta-Best S, Sandoli RL, et al. 1993. Final electron acceptor limitations and sorption may explain the persistence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coal-tar contaminated surface sediments. Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol 93 407. 

Steinberg MA. 1996. The role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coal tar-induced genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Doctor of Philosophy Thesis, Texas A M University, College Station. 154 p. 

Polycycl ic Hydrocarbons in Coal Liquefaction. Proc. 1985 Int. Coal Sci. Conf., Sydney, Oct. 28-31, 1985, pp..710-713. 

Figure 5. Glass capillary gas chromatogram of aromatic hydrocarbons in coal and crude oil spiked sediment. (See also the legend in Figure 4.)...

Enzminger JD, Ahlert RC. 1987. Environmental fate of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in coal tar. Environmental Technology Letters 8 269-278. 

In 1845 when the Royal College of Chemistry was established in London, the prince consort persuaded August Wilhelm von Hofmann, one of Liebig s students, to head it. Hofmann studied coal tar. Charles Mansfield, one of his students, patented a process for separating some of the hydrocarbons in coal tar, but he died from burns when one of his large stills caught fire. This may account for Hofmann s hostility toward industrial applications of these materials before their chemical properties were fully understood. But the industrial application held financial attractions, and despite his objections, much effort was expended in this direction. 

Most abundant single hydrocarbon in coal tar ca. 11 % of dry wt.). Present in various plant spp. Formerly an important starting material for dyestuffs synth., now less so. Reference material used in elemental microanalysis. Fumigant insecticide. Plates (EtOH) with characteristic odour. Spar. sol. petrol insol. H2O. Mp 80.3°. Bp 218°. Steam-volatile. Sublimes readily. Noncarcinogenic. 

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