Hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon sulfonium salts

Lactones from carboxysulfonium salts Hydrocarbons from sulfonium salts 260. NHTs... 

Fig. 20. Proposed photochemical mechanisms for the generation of acid from sulfonium salt photolysis. Shown ate examples illustrating photon absorption by the onium salt (direct irradiation) as well as electron transfer sensitization, initiated by irradiation of an aromatic hydrocarbon.

An interesting example of oxygen activation by onium salts of nontransition elements has been claimed. Sulfonium salts were found to be especially effective,211 and it was proposed212-214b that dioxygen complexes of sulfonium compounds can initiate autoxidations via hydrogen transfer with hydrocarbons, e.g.,... 

Recognizing this deficiency, the workers at General Electric, and separately. Smith at 3M ( ), discovered that iodonium and sulfonium salts could be sensitized to longer wavelengths by various classes of aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic carbonyl compounds, and some classes of dyes. 

Sulfonium Salts Triaryl sulfonium salts (TPSs) are generally produced by the method of Pitt [23]—a Friedel-Crafts condensation of aromatic hydrocarbons with... 

The liquid clathrate phase will dissolve substances that act as olefin hydrogenation catalysts, creating homogeneous hydrogenation catalysts.Polymerization catalysts comprised of stable liquid clathrate aluminoxane, aromatic solvents, and organic, inorganic, or organometallic compounds were described.Liquid clathrate compositions comprised of a metal halide, a quaternary ammonium salt, a quaternary phosphonium salt, or a ternary sulfonium salt an aluminum trihalide and an aromatic hydrocarbon have proven useful as reusable aluminum catalysts in Friedel-Crafts reactions. 

While ESI FT-ICR MS, mentioned above, has the abUity to distinguish between minute differences in mass, hydrocarbons and many SCS are not ionized by ESI [10], Two alterations to ESI FT-ICR MS for analyzing SCS include producing sulfur derivatives, such as sulfonium salts, and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) [10,11],... 

Most organic corrosion inhibitors used in cleaning solutions will not prevent ferric ion corrosion. Special chemicals were developed to reduce this problem. Alfandry demonstrated that hexamethylenetetramine will protect steel in HCI, but the protection is reduced by the presence of Fe + ions. However, the protection provided to steel in sulfuric acid is improved by the addition of ferric ions to a solution inhibited by phenylthiourea. Streicher reported that ferric ion corrosion of steel in sulfuric acid can be reduced by a mixture of diorthotolylthiourea and an anionic surfactant, such as an alkyl-aryl sodium sulfonate. Sulfonium salts also were used as ferric ion inhibitors. These inhibitors are effective in a variety of mineral and organic acids, but they are most effective in acidic (pH of 5) EDTA solutions. The sulfonium salts were shown to electroreduce at the corrosion potential to form a hydrophobic product (hydrocarbon) that may enhance the protection of the steel from oxidation by the ferric ion. 

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