Hydrocarbons acenaphthylene

The yellow, nonfluorescent, hydrocarbon acenaphthylene in solution dimerizes on irradiation to form a product with a cyclobutane structure ... 

Figure 3 depicts profiles of Total PAH fluxes vs. time (36). The following polycyclic hydrocarbons have been determined by high performance liquid chromatography, variable wavelength absorption detection Naphthalene, acenaphthylene, 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene, 2-methylnaphtalene, fluorene, acenaphtene, phenanthrene, 2,3-dimethylnaphtalene, anthracene, fluoranthene, 1-methylphenanthrene, pyrene, 2,3-benzofluorene, triphenylene, benz(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, perylene, benzo(e)pyrene, 1,2,3,4-dibenzanthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, and 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene. 

Schocken, M.J. and Gibson, D.T. Bacterial oxidation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons acenaphthene and acenaphthylene, AppL Environ. Microbiol, 48(1) 10-16, 1984. 

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Two- or Three-Ring Compounds Acenaphthene Acenaphthylene Anthracene Methylnaphthalene Naphthalene Phenanthrene... 

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are produced by the combustion, under fuel rich conditions, of almost any fuel. Although a few PAH with vinylic bridges (such as acenaphthylene) are lost, most PAH are quite stable in the atmosphere and eventually accumulate in environmental sinks such as marine sediments. Spatial and historical measurements of PAH in sediments Indicate that these compounds are stable, conservative markers of man s energy producing activities. 

Komatsu, T., Omori, T. Kodama, T. (1993). Microbial degradation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons acenaphthene and acenaphthylene by a pure bacterial culture. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 57, 864—5. 

Another synthetic method involves treating the parent aromatic hydrocarbon with sodium hypochlorite in water-chloroform, using phase transfer agents like tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate or benzyltrimethylam-monium chloride.15 The epoxides are formed in high yields. The rate is pH dependent, and epoxide formation is most facile at pH 8-9. Many K-region arene oxides like 1,165, acenaphthylene 1,2-oxide (19), 1-azaphenanthrene 5,6-oxide (20), 4-azaphenanthrene 5,6-oxide (21), 1,10-phenanthroIine 5,6-oxide... 

Fig. 2.20. Composition (mean%) of 16 individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to total PAHs detected in various environmental media in (a) air (n = 24), (b) soil (n = 226), (c) freshwater (n = 46), and (d) marine sediment (n = 159), from the South Korea. Naphthalene NAP, Acenaphthylene ACY, Acenaphthene ACE, Fluorine FLU, Phenanthrene PHE, Anthracene ANT, Fluoranthene FLT, Pyrene PYR, Benz[a]ant-hracene BaA, Chrysene CHR, Benzo[6]fluoranthene BbF, Benzo[ ]fluoranthene BkF, Benzo[a]pyrene BaP, Indeno[l,2,3,c,d]pyrene I123cdP, Dibenz[a,/z]anthracene DahA, Ben-zo[g,/y ]perylene BghiP.

Fig. 10.1. Separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on columns packed with Spherisorb ODS particles. Conditions (A) 35(43) cm x 50 pm i.d. fused silica capillary column packed with 3 pm Spherisorb ODS-1 particles (B) 41(53) cm x 75 pm i.d. fused-silica capillary column packed with 5 pm Spherisorb ODS-1 particles 30 kV applied voltage 5 kV, 5 s electrokinetic injection acetonitrile-50 mM Tris buffer, pH 8.1 (80 20 v/v). Peak identifications 1, benzene 2, naphthalene 3, acenaphthylene 4, fluorene 5, acenaphthene 6, phenanthrene 7, anthracene 8, fluoranthene 9, pyrene 10, benz[n]anthracene 11, chrysene 12, benzo[6]fluoranthene 13, benzo[fc]fluoranthene 14, benzo[a]pyrene 15, dibenz[n,/i]anthracene 16, indeno[7,2,3-af]pyrene 17,...

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, naphthalene, acenaphthylene, fluor-ene, anthracene, 1,2-benzanthracene, phenol, acetone) ODS Hypersil, 5 pm Gradient acetonitrile-water (from 60 40 to 90 10) 500 mm x 75 pm i.d. 200 mm packed length, flow-injection analysis... 

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phen-anthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene)... 

Many aromatic compounds have considerable resonance stabilization but do not possess a benzene nucleus, or in the case of a fused polycyclic system, the molecular skeleton contains at least one ring that is not a benzene ring. The cyclopentadienyl anion C5HJ, the cycloheptatrienyl cation C7H+, the aromatic annulenes (except for [6]annulene, which is benzene), azulene, biphenylene and acenaphthylene (see Fig. 14.2.2(b)) are common examples of non-benzenoid aromatic hydrocarbons. The cyclic oxocarbon dianions C Of (n = 3,4,5,6) constitute a class of non-benzenoid aromatic compounds stabilized by two delocalized n electrons. Further details are given in Section 20.4.4. 

Although the great majority of petroleum and coal-based pitch materials, as well as model compounds such as polyvinyl chloride, acenaphthylene, decacyclene and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, form anisotropic graphitizable carbons, it is an almost impossible task to predict the type of optical texture of a coke from an elemental analysis of the pitch. The size, shape and reactivity of peri-condensed polynuclear aromatic molecules in the products of pyrolysis of a pitch play a more important role in determining optical texture. 

Acenaphthylene and tetrabenzophenazine (40) are known to be appropriate starting materials hydrogenated or catalytically condensed aromatic hydrocarbons and pitches are also suitable (41). In thermal treatment of pitch, it is still a question whether short residence times at high temperatures or long residence times at low temperatures are preferable. In any case, the reaction should be homogeneous. The solvent may thus be important. 

The photodimerization of aromatic hydrocarbons is also enhanced in micellar solutions over homogeneous solutions. Acenaphthylene (65), irradiated at the same... 

Tire presence of aromatic hydrocarbons in tlie Murchison is generally accepted. Krishnarnurthy et al. [44] found the most abundant compounds in the silica gel benzene fraction to be pyrene, fluorantliene, phenanlluene, and acenaphthene in abundance ratios of about 10 10 5 1, respectively. Other minor aromatic components included naphthalene, biphenyl, acenaphthylene, etc., and alkyl substituted aromatic compounds. 

Synonyms 1,2-Dihydroacenaphthylene 1,8-Dihy-droacenaphthalene 1,8-Ethylenenaphthalene Acenaphthylene Naphthyleneethylene Periethyl-enenaphthalene Ethylenenaphthylene Chemical/Pharmaceutical/Other Class Arene belonging to the class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical Structure ... 

The higher homologs of acenaphthylene dianion 82 are the aceanthrylene dianion 33 and acephenanthrylene dianion 34 122,123). The convenient synthesis of the the hydrocarbon enabled a detailed investigation of their metal reduction and the exploration of their patterns of delocalization. Despite their being (4n + 2)ji-electron systems, these anions are not diatropic as one may expect from counting their jc-electrons. 

Perwak J, Byrne M, Coons S, et al. 1982. An exposure and risk assessment for benzo[a]pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Volume IV. Benzo[a]pyrene, acenaphthylene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluroanthene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, chrysene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, and indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene. Washington, D.C. US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water Regulations and Standards. EPA 440/4-85-020-V4. 

Figure 7.4 Results obtained for the Soxhlet extraction of various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contaminated soil 1, naphthalene 2, acenaphthylene 3, acenaphthene 4, fluorene 5, phenanthene 6, anthracene 7, fluoranthene 8, pyrene 9, benz[a]anthracene 10, chrysene 11, benzo[fc, ]fluoranthene 12, benzo[a]pyrene 13, indeno[l,2,3-a/]pyrene 14, benzo[g/z/]pyrene [1] (cf. DQ 7.2).

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