Hydriodic acid, hydrolysis

Chlorinated derivatives will thus form hydrochloride acid, brominated derivatives hydrobromic acid, iodinated compounds hydriodic acid. Hydrolysis of a chlorinated or brominated derivative will lead to a more intense attack of aluminium than hydrolysis of an iodine derivative. 

Hydrolysis of the azlactone leads to the acylaminooinnamic acid the latter may be be reduced catal3rtlcally (Adams PtOj catalyst 40 lb. p.s.i.) and then hydrolysed by hydrochloric acid to the amino acid. Alternatively, the azlactone (say, of a-benzylaminocinnamic acid) may undergo reduction and cleavage with phosphorus, hydriodic acid and acetic anhydride directly to the a-amino acid (d/ p phenylalanine). 

Purine, 9- -D-ribofuranosyl-6-selenoxo- 1,6-dihydro-synthesis, 5, 597 Purine, 6-thiocyanato-acylation, 5, 559 Purine, 2-thioxo-synthesis, 5, 589 Purine, 8-thioxo-iodination, 5, 559 synthesis, 5, 577, 597 Purine, 2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-synthesis, 5, 572 Purine, 6-thioxo-1,6-dihydro-acylation, 5, 559 dethiation, 5, 558 halogenation, 5, 559 hydrolysis, 5, 560 methylation, 5, 535 oxidation, 5, 560 synthesis, 5, 572, 596 Purine, 8-thioxo-7,8-dihydro-acylation, 5, 559 Purine, 2,6,8-trichloro-alkylation, 5, 530 amination, 5, 562 reactions, 5, 561, 562 with hydriodic acid, 5, 563 with pyridine, 5, 562 synthesis, 5, 598 Purine, 2,6,8-trichloro-7-methyl-synthesis, 5, 557 Purine, 8-trifluoromethyl-synthesis, 5, 574... 

Meroquinenine, CgHjjOaN (meroquinene), formed by the oxidation of all four alkaloids and of cinchoninone or quininone and by the hydrolysis of quinenine or cinchenine (p. 489), crystallises from methyl alcohol in needles, m.p. 223-4° (dee.), [ajp -f- 27-5° (H2O). It gives a nitrosoamine, m.p. 67°, and a monoacetyl derivative, m.p. 110°, and can be esterified the ethyl ester hydrochloride has m.p. 165°. When oxidised by chromic acid it yields formic and cincboloiponic acids. On reduction with zinc dust and hydriodic acid, it adds on two atoms of hydrogen forming cincholoipon, CgH jOaN, and when heated with hydrochloric acid at 250-60° gives 3-ethyl-4-methylpyridine ()3-collidine). 

Note There appear to be no recent examples of this reaction with simple alkoxy substrates (perhaps because normal aliphatic ethers need quite vigorous treatment, such as boiling hydriodic acid), but so-called isopropylidenedioxy derivatives (that undergo facile hydrolysis) have been used in this way. l-[2,3-(Isopropylidenedioxy)propyl]-3-methyl-2(17/)-quinoxalinone (165) gave l-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-3-methyl-2(l//)-quinoxahnone (70% AcOH, reflux, 2 h 35% homologs likewise). ... 

Hydrolyzes in water forming methyl alcohol and hydriodic acid. The estimated half-life in water at 25 °C and pH 7 is 110 d (Mabey and Mill, 1978). At 70 °C, the hydrolysis rate was determined to be 3.2 X 10 Vsec which is equivalent to a half-life of 6 h. (Glows and Wren, 2003). May react with chlorides in seawater to form methyl chloride (Zafiriou, 1975). 

Acetamidobenzothiophene is nitrated in the 1-position yielding 102 (73%), which upon hydrolysis with either sodium hydroxide or ethanolic hydriodic acid gives the nitroamine (103). The same nitroamine was also formed by the nitration and hydrolysis of 2-carbethoxyamino-dibenzothiophene. ... 

In 1902 E. Fischer isolated a compound of the empirical formula CgHjOsN from the hydrolysis products of gelatin. From its composition he supposed that it was an oxy-derivative of pyrrolidine carboxylic acid, and this was proved by its reduction to proline with hydriodic acid. 

Hydrolysis occurs slowly in water forming arsenic trioxide and hydriodic acid. The reaction proceeds via formation of arsenous acid which exists in equihhrium with HI ... 

Diphenylacetic acid has been obtained by the reduction of benzilic acid with hydriodic acid and red phosphorus 1 by the treatment of phenylbromoacetic acid with benzene and zinc dust,2 or with benzene and aluminum chloride 3 by the hydrolysis of diphenylacetonitrile 4 by heating a-diphenyldichloroethyl-ene with alcoholic sodium ethylate 5 by heating benzilic acid 6 from diphenylmethane, mercury diethyl, sodium and carbon dioxide 7 by the oxidation of a,a,5,S-tetraphenyl- 8-butine 8 by the decomposition of some complex derivatives obtained from diphenylketene 9 by the hydrolysis of diphenyl-5,5-hydan-toin 10 by the treatment of diphenylbromoacetic acid with copper 11 by the oxidation of dichlorodiphenylcrotonic acid.12... 

Alkenes from p-oxygenated selenidesS /J-Phenylseleno lactones, ethers, and alcohols are converted into alkenes on treatment with ClSi(CHj)j and Nal in C HiCN. Hydriodic acid (formed by inadvertent hydrolysis) may play a role this acid cun effect this reaction, but in lower yield. This elimination thus reverses cyclo-(unclionali/ations induced by C6H5ScX (cf Na-NH3, 9, 26), and in addition provides a stereospecific route to alkenes by way of/l-hydroxv selenides. lixnmplc ... 

The azlactone formed from benzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde and hippuric acid reacts with hydriodic acid and red phosphorus to give a-amino-/9-(2-benzo[6]tbienyl)propionic acid, and with sodium hydroxide to give a-benzamido-j8-(2-benzo[6]thienyl)acrylic acid.477 A series of a-amino-j8-(5-substituted-3-benzo[6]thienyl)propionic acids (312 R = H) has been prepared by hydrolysis of the product of... 

Figure 8-8. The copper-mediated conversion of an anisole derivative to a co-ordinated phenoxide. This provides a useful alternative to conventional methods of ether hydrolysis, which involve treatment with Lewis acids such as boron tribromide, hydriodic acid or pyridinium chloride.

As already pointed out, some of the products of periodate oxidation, especially the mixed acetals from the glycosidic derivatives of the sugars, are readily hydrolyzed by acids. Although the known compounds of this type are stable in dilute aqueous solution of iodic acid at room temperature, heating the acid solution would be expected to cause hydrolysis. Before isolation of these oxidation products, the reaction solution customarily is neutralized to a pH of 8-9. Barium hydroxide and strontium hydroxide have proved to be advantageous bases for neutralization of the reaction solution, since iodate and excess periodate are largely removed at the same time as the slightly soluble barium or strontium salts. Silver acetate and hydriodic acid also have been used to remove iodic add.128... 

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