Hydrazines nitric acid, reactions with

Hydrazine. Concentrated hydrazine (96%) reacts spontaneously with nitric acid. According to Kilpatrick and Baker [17] reaction with 96% colourless nitric acid occurs with a delay of 5.0 1.7 millisec, whereas with fuming nitric acid (containing 24% N204) there is a delay of 3.1 1.4 millisec. Hydrazine of 71.5% concentration gives a delay of about 37 millisec with either acid. 

Hydrazine nitrate was synthesized by neutralization reaction between nitric acid and hydrazine. In early years, anhydrous hydrazine was used to dissolve into methanol. The solution was cooled down to approximately —20 °C, and then slowly added to diluted nitric acid (70 %) with temperamre of -20 °C till pH of 5.5. The temperature should keep under 0 °C in the whole reaction process. The precipitates of hydrazine nitrate were successively treated by filtration, recrystallization, and drying to obtain final products. 

Write a balanced net ionic equation for each of the following reactions (a) Dilute nitric acid reacts with zinc metal with formation of nitrous oxide, (b) Concentrated nitric acid reacts with sulfur with formation of nitrogen dioxide, (c) Concentrated nitric acid oxidizes sulfur dioxide with formation of nitric oxide, (d) Hydrazine is burned in excess fluorine gas, forming NF3. (e) Hydrazine reduces Cr04 to Cr(OH)4 in base (hydrazine is oxidized to N2). 

Miscellaneous Reactions. Aromatic sulfonic acid derivatives can be nitrated using nitric acid [52583-42-3] HNO, ia H2SO4 (19). Sultones may be treated with hydrazine derivatives to give the corresponding ring-opened sulfonic acid (20). 

Ammonia is the precursor for many other chemicals such as nitric acid, hydrazine, acrylonitrile, and hexamethylenediamine. Ammonia, having three hydrogen atoms per molecule, may be viewed as an energy source. It has been proposed that anhydrous liquid ammonia may be used as a clean fuel for the automotive industry. Compared with hydrogen, anhydrous ammonia is more manageable. It is stored in iron or steel containers and could be transported commercially via pipeline, railroad tanker cars, and highway tanker trucks. The oxidation reaction could be represented as ... 

Use the data provided in Appendix 2A to calculate the standard reaction enthalpy for the reaction of pure nitric acid with hydrazine ... 

Hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB) (90), an explosive exhibiting thermal stability (m.p. 220 °C, VOD 7250 m/s, d = 1.77 g/cm ), is formed from the reaction of hydrazine with picryl chloride (87) followed by oxidation of the resulting hydrazide (89) with fuming nitric acid. The commercial availability of picryl chloride limits such reactions. However, 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene is widely available and can be used to synthesize many of the above products (Section 4.8.1.3). 

Hydrazoic acid also reacts with copper, silver and mercury but in a different way it forms azides without loss of hydrogen and a considerable amount of hydrazoic acid is reduced to ammonia or hydrazine and free nitrogen. The reaction with copper recalls the action of nitric acid on this metal. 

Among the reactions of hydrazine used for rocket propulsion that of hydrazine with nitric acid is known. 

The results of nitration reactions depend on reagents and the acidity of the medium. Thus fuming nitric acid in concentrated sulfuric acid converts (410a) to the 3-nitro derivative while with acetyl nitrate reaction occurs exclusively at C-4 (equation 50). The nitration in the 4-position can also conveniently be done with nitronium tetrafluoroborate. The reduction of these nitro compounds by hydrazine in the presence of palladium on charcoal provides a versatile route to 4-amino-7,6-borazarothieno[3,2-c]pyridines (75ACS(B)46l>. In the nitration of 4,5-borazarothieno[2,3-c]pyridines (e.g. 409a), peri effects from the substituents on the boron atom lead to formation of a considerable amount of the 2-nitro derivatives. 

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