Hydrazine, reaction with acrylonitrile

Another type of polyol often used in the manufacture of flexible polyurethane foams contains a dispersed soHd phase of organic chemical particles (234—236). The continuous phase is one of the polyols described above for either slab or molded foam as required. The dispersed phase reacts in the polyol using an addition reaction with styrene and acrylonitrile monomers in one type or a coupling reaction with an amine such as hydrazine and isocyanate in another. The soHds content ranges from about 21% with either system to nearly 40% in the styrene—acrylonitrile system. The dispersed soHds confer increased load bearing and in the case of flexible molded foams also act as a ceU opener. 

I-Cyanobenzocyclobctene, 48, 53 8-Cyanoethylhydrazine, from acrylonitrile and hydrazine, 48, 8 reaction with sulfuric acid, 48, 8 Cyanogen bromide, 45, 88 Cyahogen chloride, in preparation of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate, 46, 24 reaction with sulfur trioxide, 46, 24 7-Cvanoheptanal, 49, 27, 28... 

Amidooximation of cyanoethylated starch is relevant here. The reaction of (cyanoethyl)starch with hydroxylamine at pH 7.1 and a temperature of 90 °C for 90 min produced a material used to chelate Fe(III) and A1 cations.2640 By reacting starch dialdehyde with acrylonitrile and hydrazine in alkaline solution, followed by adjusting the pH to 5-6 a glue was prepared.2641... 

Thioamide vinylogues (100) have been reported to yield Diels-Alder adducts on treatment with substituted alkenes and sulphenes/ In the former case, the heterocyclic compounds (107) and/or (108) were produced, depending on the substituents. In the latter case, the unsubstituted sulphene afforded merely (109), whereas solely the de-aminated products (110) were formed in reactions with benzylsulphene. 3-Alkylthio-l-aryl-3-arylamino-2-propene-l-thiones (41) have been converted into 3-arylamino-1,2-oxazoles, 3-arylaminopyrazoles, and the quinoline derivatives (111) by treatment with hydroxylamine, hydrazine, and sulphuric acid, respectively. " The formation of 2-imino-2H-thiopyrans by spontaneous ring-closure of -mercaptovinyl-acrylonitriles (112) has been reported recently. ... 

Ammonia is the precursor for many other chemicals such as nitric acid, hydrazine, acrylonitrile, and hexamethylenediamine. Ammonia, having three hydrogen atoms per molecule, may be viewed as an energy source. It has been proposed that anhydrous liquid ammonia may be used as a clean fuel for the automotive industry. Compared with hydrogen, anhydrous ammonia is more manageable. It is stored in iron or steel containers and could be transported commercially via pipeline, railroad tanker cars, and highway tanker trucks. The oxidation reaction could be represented as ... 

A new efficient procedure has been proposed for the synthesis of 3-aryl-5-amino-l//-pyrazoles by reaction of a-chloro-/ -arylacrylonitriles with hydrazine hydrate <2004RJ01518>. Reaction of 2-(3,3-dicyano-2-propenylidene)-4,4,5,5-tetra-methyl-l,3-dioxolane 641 with hydrazine afforded 3-(2-hydroxy-l,l,2-trimethylpropoxy)pyrazole 642 (Equation 134) <2003RJ01016>. Treatment of ethyl 3,3-dicyano-2-methoxyacrylate with alkyl, aryl, heterocyclic, and sulfonyl hydrazines led to the synthesis of N-l-substituted 3-acyM-cyano-5-aminopyrazoles, which are versatile intermediates for the synthesis of many biologically active scaffolds <2006TL5797>. 2-Hydrazinothiazol-4(5//)-one reacted with a variety of cinnamonitrile derivatives and activated acrylonitriles to yield annelated pyrazolopyrano[2,3-rf thiazole <1998JCM730>. 

The Cu /potassium disulfide [199] and Cu /metabisulfide [200] redox systems have been used in the polymerization of acrylonitrile and acrylamide, respectively. The cupric sulfate-hydrazine redox system in which hydrazyl radicals are responsible for the initiation was studied in the absence and presence of molecular oxygen. The Cu /hydrazine hydrate [201-204] and Cu /2-aminoethanol [205] systems were used for the polymerization of vinyl monomers. Misra [206] demonstrated that the polymerization of acrylamide could be initiated by the Cu /metabisulfide redox system. Initiating systems of cupric(n) ions in conjunction with dimethyl aniline [207] and a-amylase [208] were also reported. Cupric-ion-based redox reactions were successfully aj lied [209] to graft vinyl monomers onto wool and Nylon-6. 

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