Hybridizing agents

The adverse effect of nonionic adducts of low cloud point can be avoided by the use of hybrid agents of the ethoxylated anionic type, variously and confusingly referred to as modified nonionic , modified anionic or weakly anionic types. Thus Mortimer [113] has proposed the use of products of the ethoxylated phosphate type (12.27). In this structure, R, as well as the degree of ethoxylation (n) may be varied to optimise the overall HLB value. The numerous ether groups are said to enhance the dye-solubilising and levelling capacity, whilst the polyphosphate grouping exerts several useful effects [113]. These compounds ... 

See Table 22.1, page 449 regarding use of the term cardioselective. Note hybrid agents having (J-receptor block plus vasodilatation unrelated to adrenoceptor have been developed, e.g. nebivolol releases nitric oxide. 

This section of the book presents a variety of synthetic experience in a wide assortment of agrochemical applications outside the standard areas. Included are such areas as strigol, pheromones, chemical hybridizing agents, and plant growth regulators (40). 

Chakraborty, K. and Devakumar, C. (2005) Quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis as a tool to evaluate the mode of action of chemical hybridizing agents for wheat (Triticum aestivum L). /. Agr. Food Chem., 53, 3468-3475. 

Class, S. Braun, R Siegert, A. Fluorochromatic determination of pollen viability of Triticum aestivum L. evaluation of chemical hybridizing agents. Angew. Bot. 1989,63,1-6. 

An improved solvent extraction process, PUREX, utilizes an organic mixture of tributyl phosphate solvent dissolved in a hydrocarbon diluent, typically dodecane. This was used at Savannah River, Georgia, ca 1955 and Hanford, Washington, ca 1956. Waste volumes were reduced by using recoverable nitric acid as the salting agent. A hybrid REDOX/PUREX process was developed in Idaho Falls, Idaho, ca 1956 to reprocess high bum-up, fuUy enriched (97% u) uranium fuel from naval reactors. Other separations processes have been developed. The desirable features are compared in Table 1. 

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