Hybrid scanning systems

In 1989, Perkin-Elmer introduced the first step-and-scan system (a hybrid between a stepper and scanning projection system) to address the ever-increasing chip size problem and the ever-more stringent dimension control requirements. These issues were mitigated in the step-and-scan tool through the reduction of the exposure area. Developed under the auspices of a joint venture between IBM and Perkin-Elmer in the mid-1980s, the tool was sold under the brand... 

Amelia Peterson et al, University Wisconsin, Prof Josh Coon group, published first results on the implementation of an EI/CI interface on a hybrid Orbitrap system for ultra-high resolution GC-MS using a GC-Quadrupole-Orbitrap configuration for full scan, SIM, MS/MS and SRM (selected reaction monitoring) at the ASMS conference. 

Each type of mass spectrometer has its associated advantages and disadvantages. Quadrupole-based systems offer a fairly simple ion optics design that provides a certain degree of flexibility with respect to instrument configuration. For example, quadrupole mass filters are often found in hybrid systems, that is, coupled with another surface analytical method, such as electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis or scanning Auger spectroscopy. 

A typical DNA array fabrication and application process involves three major steps. First, nucleic acids (the capture sequences or probes) are immobilized at discrete positions on surface activated substrates. Secondly, the resulting array is hybridized with a complex mixture of fluorescently labelled nucleic acids (the target), and thirdly subsequent to hybridization, the fluorescent markers are detected using a high-resolution scanning laser that quantifies the interaction. This chapter focuses on the first of these processes and provides the reader with an overview of substrates, surface activation methods and dehvery systems available for nucleic acid immobilization. 

Kley N. Chemical dimerizers and three-hybrid systems scanning the proteome for targets of organic small molecules. Chem. Biol. 2004 11 599-608. 

Kley N. Chemical dimerizers and three-hybrid systems scanning 67. 

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