Hybrid membrane systems desalination, water

Of aU the major membrane processes, RO/NF separation is the most complex both in terms of operation and controls [43]. RO (and NF) membrane systems operate in a continuous mode with minimum or no recycle. RO desalination plants can be generally quite large (see Table 3.5) for example the largest seawater RO desalination plant in Sorek, Israel has a capacity 150 million m /year. Further, for hybrid membrane systems the process control becomes even more complex. RO/NF plants require different levels of process control depending upon the quality of feed water supplied and product water quality requirements. 

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