Human Sigma

Fleming J, Coffman C, Harter J. 2005. Manage your Human Sigma. Harvard Business Review (HBR) July-August 106. 

Anti-cannabinoid CB2 Affinity-puiified rabbit antibody directed against amino acids 1-33 at the amine terminus of CB2 reacts with human Sigma, St. Louis, MO (cat. no. C1358)... 

If PCP produces its multitude of effects by activating PCP (sigma) receptors, then chronic exposure to agonists should elicit the development of tolerance. Tolerance to plasma prolactin suppression by PCP is observed in rats following daily administration for 28 days (Quirion et al. 1982). Chronic PCP treatment has been also shown to reduce the number of PCP sites (receptors) in rodent brains (Quiriun et al. 1983). Behavioral studies have documented the development of tolerance to and dependence on PCP (Balster and Woolverton 1980 Flint and Ho 1980). A tolerance syndrome develops in humans, in which the user is compelled to increase his intake of drug (Jain et al. 1977). 

Angiotensin II. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (300-400 g) were administered either free angiotensin II (A-H) (Sigma product A9525, human synthetic A-H, Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe) in 0.9% NaCl solution by subcutaneous injection, or A-H impregnated resin by gastric intubation. The resin was suspended in distilled water such that the rat received no more than a 0.5 mL total suspension volume. The... 

HeLa S3 (ATCC CCL-2.2) cells, a clonal derivative of the parent HeLa line (ATCC CCL-2), which are adapted to grow in suspension and therefore more suitable for large biomass production, are used for the preparation of human cell extract. The cells are maintained in suspension culture in Coming 850 cm2 Polystyrene Roller Bottles at 37° at a concentration of 3 to 6 x 105 cells/ml in Eagle s Minimum Essential Medium Joklik Modification (Sigma) supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (Invitrogen) in the presence of 5% C02. 

The protein A (pA), antihuman serum albumin (a-HSA, M 150 kD), and human serum albumin (HSA, M 65 kD) were provided by Paradocs BV (Tiel, The Netherlands). The Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) and anti-HSV-1 gG glycoprotein G monoclonal antibody (a-HSV-1 gG) were purchased from Virusys Corporation (Marriottsville, MD, USA). Bovine serum albumin (BSA, M 50 kD) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie BV (Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands). Synthetic surface protein of Hepatitis-B virus generated in Hep-G2 cell-line (HEP G2, M 25 kD) was provided by BioMerieux BV (Boxtel, The Netherlands). Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was used for all experiments. 

Wichmann, K., Diedenhofen, M., Klamt, A. Prediction of blood-brain partitioning and human serum albumin binding based on COSMO-RS sigma-moments. J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2007, 47,... 

Used to derive a chronic inhalation Minimal Risk Level (MRL) of 2 x 10" mg/m nickel for soluble nickel salts dose adjusted for intermittent exposure (6/24 hours, 5/7 days), multiplied by the Regional Deposited Dose Ratio (0.9714 for pulmonary region deposition mass median aerodynamic diameter [MMAD] = 2.5 pm, sigma = 2.4 pm), and divided by an uncertainty factor of 30 (3 for extrapolation from animals to humans, and 10 for human variability). 

The exposure concentration was adjusted for intermittent exposure (6 hours/24 hours, 5 days/7 days). A regional deposition ratio of 0.9714 for the pulmonary region for particle size 2.5 pm and sigma 2.4 was used to extrapolate from particle deposition in rats to deposition in humans... 

Mannose tri-, tetra- and pentasaccharide together with GM1 octasaccharide were a gift from Dr. M.A. Chester (Lund, Sweden). At the time of writing, these standards are no longer available. Pentasaccharides (from human urine) and sialylated tetra-saccharides (from human milk) are available from Sigma however, they are cost-prohibitive for routine use. 

A. Pullman, in Quantum Aspects of Heterocyclic Compounds in Chemistry and Biochemistry (E. D. Bergmann and B. Pullman, eds.), p. 9. Israel Acad. Sci. Humanities, Jerusalem (distributed by Academic Press, New York), 1970. 227 A. Pullman, in Sigma Molecular Orbital Theory (O. Sinanoglu and K. Wiberg, eds.), p. 280. Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, Connecticut, 1970. 

Because of the possible transmission of infectious diseases during the use of human blood samples, it is recommended that students use bovine, porcine, or other animal serum samples. Sera from a wide variety of animals, including humans, are available in a lyophilized form from Sigma Chemical Co. When reconstituted with water, these provide convenient unknowns. 

BrdU This can be obtained from Sigma (Poole, UK) for experimental purposes. A preparation suitable for human use can be obtained from the Investigational Drugs Branch of the National Cancer Institute (Bethesda, MD). Alternatively individual Hospital Pharmacies can formulate their own preparation. 

Figure I. Photomicrograph of heparin-induced BBC aggregation. Human RBCs were washed three times with tris-bufferea saline (6) and resuspended in the buffered saline containing 2 g % heparin (Sigma Chemical Co.). RBC9s formed typical rouleaux.

Wang, D. S., Miller, R., Shaw, R., and Shaw, G. (1996). The pleckstrin homology domain of human beta I sigma II spectrin is targeted to the plasma membrane in vivo. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 225, 420—426. 

Protein A (100 ig of lyophilised powder able to bind 7.3 Ag of human IgG, catalogue number P9151). Hydroquinone (Sigma), hydrogen peroxide (Merck, Germany). 

Precoated silica gel plates (silica gel 60) were purchased from Scientific Products. Bio-Sil A (200 - 400 Mesh) was obtained from Bio-Rad Laboratories. Fatty acid methyl esters, sphingosine and dihydrosphingosine were products of Supelco, Inc. as were 10% DEGS-PS, 3% SP-2340 and 3% OV-17 (all on Supelcoport support). N-acetyl and N-glycolyl neuraminic acid, DEAE-Sephadex A50 and neuraminidase type IX were obtained from Sigma Company. Ganglio-side standards from human brain and neutral glycosphingolipid standards from bovine erythrocytes were prepared in this laboratory. 

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