HT- and IT-SOFC

In recent years, although SOFC technology has demonsttated a higher energy 

At present, the need to reach power densities of several hundred mWem to 

One effective method of cost reduction would be to reduce the operating temperature, and in this respect four types of stack have been developed. These include (i) a tubular design, with the tubes closed at one end (Westinghouse prototypes) or opened at both ends (ii) a planar technology (iii) a segmented series arrangement of individual cells (Rolls-Royce) and (iv) a monolith concept (Argonne National Laboratory). 

The main advantages ofthe tubular design are good thermal cycles resistance and no requirement for high-temperature seals. In contrast, the planar geometry provides a higher volumetric power density. 

Porous LSM tube Air electrode Electrolyte Fuel electrode 

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