Hospitals Hammersmith Hospital, London

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, University of London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK... 

Giorgio Terenghi Histochemistry Department, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK Scott V. Tingey Du Pont Agricultural Products, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, DE Claire B. Wheeler Research and Development Division, Amersham International pic, Amersham, UK... 

Charles D. Pusey Renal Section, Division of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, U.K. 

University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A., Dr V. G. Oberholzer, Queen Elizabeth Hospital for Children, Hackney, London, Dr N. Brandt and Dr E. Christensen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, Dr O. Borud, University of Tromso, Norway, and Dr D. Gompertz, formerly of Hammersmith Hospital, London. We are also indebted to Dr Richard W. E. Watts who initiated our interest in this field and whose collaboration, advice, help and encouragement over many years have provided the stimulus and environment for the progression and success of our work. Responsibility for any errors of fact or statement are, however, exclusively our own. This is a rapidly expanding field and in the time taken to publish this manuscript we have no doubt that new advances in methods and techniques will have been made, new information on human diseases obtained, and previously unrecorded diseases reported. We will always be very pleased and interested to enter into correspondence and information exchange on new data, and any opinions and errors in this book. 

MRCPath, after graduating in medicine, trained in general medicine and also in clinical pharmacology and therapeutics to achieve specialist registrations. He held medical appointments at the Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, Hospital for Nervous Diseases Queen s Square, London and St Bartholomew s Hospital, London. 

MRC Cyclotron Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Ducane Road, London, W 12 ONN, UK Dipartimenlo di Scienze Chimiche, Unirersita degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino I, 62032 Camerino, Italy... 

Annette G. Beck-Sickinger Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Department of Pharmacy, Winterthurer Str. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland Stephen R. Bloom Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, University of London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK... 

Molecular Therapy PET Oncology Research Group Imperial College London Faculty of Medicine Hammersmith Hospital Du Cane Road London W12 ONN United Kingdom... 

Three more quantitative variants that cause a decrease in activity (i.c., functionally normal enzyme that is produced in decreased amounts) have also been described that. show varying degrees of reduced activity. The first was described by Garry et al. (1976), who named it the James or J variant, and it is associated with a 66% reduction in enzyme activity. The Kalow or K variant, named in honor of Werner Kalow, is associated with an approximately 30% reduction in activity (Rubenstein et ai, 1978). Of the named quantitative variants determined initially by phenotypic studies, the most recent addition i.s that described by Whittaker and Britten (1987). This was named the Hammersmith, or H variant because it was first identified in two cases presenting at the Hammersmith Hospital in London. 

Hal Gray, in the Medical Research Council facility at Hammersmith Hospital in London, proposed that high radiation could be used to treat cancer. He established a radiation therapy center, a project greatly aided by Michel TerPogossian of Washington University in St. Louis. On January 28, 1953, Queen Elizabeth inaugurated a new cyclotron, and, on June 29, 1953, the first beam was extracted. In October, 1953, the first patients were treated with the linear accelerator. 

TerPogossian s cydotron had been in the Physics Department. The first cyclotron in a medical facility and used exclusively for biomedical research was built at Hammersmith Hospital in London in 1955, under the auspices of the Medical Research Council. A similar cyclotron was subsequently built at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. Using a medically dedicated cyclotron that was built later at Washington University, Raichle and colleagues showed that vision and other mental activity resulted in an increased oxygen metabolism in the involved regions of the brain. 

McGowan and colleagues at Hammersmith Hospital in London found increased C F] fluorodopa accumulation in the ventral striatum of the basal ganglia of patients with schizophrenia, consistent with increased dopamine release (McGowan et al., 2004). There is increased dopamine synthesis in the striatum and medial prefrontal cortex in schizophrenic patients, supporting the hypothesis of dopaminergic dysregulation. 

Immediately thereafter, both A. G. Egerson Pearse, a histochemist at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School at London s Hammersmith Hospital, and Werner Creutzfeldt, a professor of medicine in Gottingen, conclusively demonstrated that the cells showing immunofluorescence when treated with a gastrin antibody are the... 

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