Horse protein evaluation

Martin-Rosset W.,Vermorel M., Doreau M.,Tisserand J. L., Andrieu J., 1994. The French horse feed evaluation systems and recommended allowances for energy and protein. Livest Prod. Sci., 40,37-56. 

The ultrastructure of horse platelets is similar to that of human platelets (White et al. 1976). Features include a flattened discoid shape, a circumfiential band of microtubules, an open canalicular system, alpha granules, mitochondria, dense bodies, and glycogen particles. Compared to human platelets, horse dense bodies are analler and alpha granules are larger and stracturally more complex. The serotonin content of horse platelets is similar to that of human platelets. Horse platelet membrane proteins have been evaluated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and glycoprotein llbllfe has been characterized and monoclonal antibodies have been produced (Lipscomb et al. 1995 Pintado et al. 1995). 

Another endogenous HNO source relies on the oxidation of hydroxylamine (HA), or other alcohol amine, such as hydroxyurea or A -hydroxy arginine. In vivo, such a process is postulated to depend on the activity of several heme proteins, which are able to stabilize oxo ferryl species (compound I and compound II), such as peroxidases. Recently, Donzelli et al. evaluated HNO production by this mechanism (22), with a newly developed selective assay in which the reaction products, GS(0)NH, in the presence of reduced glutathione (GSH) are quantified by HPLC. Their results showed that metmyoglobin, horse radish peroxidase, and myeloperoxidase were efficient HNO producers using hydroxylamine as substrate. However, there are several remaining unresolved questions concerning the proposed mechanism (which is outlined below, Eq. (2)). 

Martin-Rosset W.,Tisserand J. L., 2002. Evaluation and expression of protein allowances and protein value of feeds in the MADC system for the performance horse. In /" EuropeanWorkshop on Equine Nutrition.january 17-18, Dijon, France, p. 109-148. 

Tisserand J. L., Martin-RossetW, 1996. Evaluation of the protein value of feedstuffs in horses in the MADC system. In Proceedings of the 47 Annual Meeting of European Association for Animal Production. Lillehammer, Norway, August 26-29. Horse Commission. Session IV. Abstract H 4.3 p. 293. Wageningen Pers. Ed. Wageningen.The Netherlands. Full paper 13 p. 

For horses, evaluation of protein sources is based on crude protein or digestible crude protein. 

Figure 26 ProSa evaluation of target protein models and their templates. The energy plots are for each of the four BLCA templates and their corresponding best and worst models. The energy profile of the X-ray structure (template) is the solid line, the best BLCA protein model is the dashed line, and the dotted fine represents the worst of the 50 BLCA models. Panel (a) is human a-lactalbumin-based BLCA panel (b) is chicken lysozyme-based BLCA panel (c) is horse hemoglobin P-based BLCA panel (d) is sperm whale myoglobin-based BLCA.

Coenen, M., 2002. Evaluating the protein requirements of horses The German system for digestible protein. In Proceedings of the 1 European workshop on equine nutrition. Dijon, France 153-158. 

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