Hormites

SYNS AGRION 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID, SODIUM SALT DICONIRT D 2,4-D SODIUM SALT FERNOXENE HORMIT PIELIK E SODIUM-2,4-D SPRAY-HORMITE SPRITZ-HORMIT... 

Hormite clay is naturally more susceptible to acid-activation than montmorillo-nite lower levels of acid are required and can be directly applied (i.e., by simple spraying or pugging). Consequently, the slurry technique described above is not required, and the cooking, filtration, and washing steps can be eliminated (31). Data in Table 1 compare the response of hormite and montmorillonite clays with acid-activation. 

The way hormite clay responds to the acid-activation process allows manufacturers to skip certain manufacturing steps that are required when producing acid-activated bentonite. Because of its susceptibility to acid, the activation proceeds... 

TABLE 1. Hormite vs. Montmorillonite Response to Acid-Activation and Comparison of Bieaching Efficiency in the Treatment of Caustic Refined Soybean Oii (0.5 wt% Ciay Dosage) (31). 

Figure 3. Bentonite versus hormite acid-activation processes.

Processing differences between bentonite and hormite clays are shown in Figure 3. 

Figure 28. Relationship between permeability and bleed through for acid-activated montmorillonite (AAM) and activated hormite (AH). (This figure is available in full color at http //www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/biofp.)...

Box 13.10 Kaolin, smectite and hormite clays from ceramics to natural absorbers... 

Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, sodium salt Diconirt Diconirt D Dikonirt Dikonirt D EINECS 220-290-4 EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 030004 Fernoxene Fernoxone Hormit Pielik E Pielika Sodium 2,4-D Sodium 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate Spray-hormite Spritz-hormit U-46-D-Fluid. Herbicide, Registered by EPA as a herbicide and fungicide. Aquacide Co. Farnam Companies Inc. Nufarm Americas Inc Riverdale Chemical Co. 

Rank of G matrix, test for completeness of coordinate set, 145 Rayleigh scattering intensity, 48, 49 equilibrium polarizability in, 48 Rayleigli s principle, 218., 227 Rea matrix, 290 Rccijn-ocal matrix, 295 Recursion formuhi tor Hormite polynomials, 38... 

In addition to their use as absorbents, hormite clays are used as rheological agents. When dispersed in water, their needle-like particles deagglomerate in proportion to the amoimt of energy applied and form a random colloidal lattice. 

In addition to their high absorptive eapacity hormite clays offer useful thickening properties. When dispersed in water they do not swell, as smectites do. Instead, their needle-like colloidal particles deagglomerate in proportion to the amoimt of shear applied and form a random colloidal lattice. This loosely cohesive structure thickens the water and imparts thixotropy, pseudoplasticity, and yield value. Because of their mechanically-based dispersion and colloidal structure building, hormite cl s are largely insensitive to the types and levels of acids, bases, and salts dissolved in the aqueous systems in which they are used. Since their dispersion is mechanically rather than ionically driven, as with smectites, they can be used in nonaqueous applications in much the same... 

---