Hooker reaction

Hooker reaction. Oxidation of 2-hydroxy-3-alkyl-l,4-quinones with dilute alkaline permanganate with shortening of the alkyl side chain by a methylene group and simultaneous exchange of hydroxyl and alkyl or alkenyl group positions. 

Hofmann Degradation Hofmann Isonitrile Synthesis Hofmann Reaction Hofmann-Loffler-Freytag Reaction Hofmann-Martius Rearrangement Hofmann-Sand Reactions Hooker Reaction Homer Reaction... 

Benzene Oxychlorin tion. In the benzene oxychlorination process, also known as the Raschig Hooker process, benzene is oxychlorinated with hydrogen chloride, air, and with the presence of iron and copper chloride catalyst to form chlorobenzene. The reaction occurs at 200—260°C and atmospheric pressure. The chlorobenzene is hydrolyzed at 480°C in the presence of a suitable catalyst to produce phenol and chloride. The yield of phenol is - 90 mol% of theoretical. These plants have been shut down for environmental and economic reasons. 

The first systematic study of the reaction of chlorine with toluene was carried out in 1866 by Bedstein and Geitner. During the next 40 years, many studies were performed to isolate and identify the various chlorination products (1). During the early 1930s, Hooker Electrochemical Co. (Hooker Chemicals Plastics Corp.) and the Heyden Chemical Corp. (Tenneco) began the manufacture of chlorotoluenes. Hooker Electrochemical Co. was later acquired by Occidental Petroleum Corp. and became the Occidental Chemical Corp. In the mid-1970s, Heyden exited chlorotoluenes production Occidental thus is the sole U.S. producer of chlorotoluenes. 

The submitters used thionyl chloride from Hooker Electrochemical Company. It was distilled and collected over a 1° range (78-79°). The first few drops of thionyl chloride are added cautiously as the initial reaction may be quite vigorous. Recovered thionyl chloride may be used for subsequent runs. 

HexabromocyclopentaeEeiie (2,90), An improved procedure for the West preparation of hexabromocyclopentadiene (2) by an exchange reaction of hexachlorocyclo-pentadiene (1, Hooker Chemical Company) with boron tribromide in the presence of aluminum bromide and bromine has been published. ... 

Newman, M. S. A useful notation for visualizing certain stereospecific reactions. Record Chem. Progr., Kresge-Hooker Sci. Libr. 13, 111-116 (1952). 

A number of industrial processes follow the above-described reaction scheme. In the USA and Canada, the ER-process from Erco and the SVP-process from Hooker Chemical Corp. are mainly used. Sodium sulfate disposal problems arise when these processes are operated with sulfuric acid or sulfur dioxide. 

Reaction with hexachlorocyclopeiUadiene (Hooker Chem. Corp.). When this diene is heated with dinitrogen tetroxide in an autoclave at 60° for 4 hrs., tetrachlorocyclo-pentene-1,2-dione is formed in high yield. The product is a crystalline yellow solid melting at 44-45.5°. 

Siek TJ, Eichmeier LS, Caplis ME, Esposito FE (1977) The reaction of normeperidine with an impurity in chloroform. J Anal Toxicol 1 211-214 Snow JW, Hooker TM (1978) The chiroptical properties of strychnine alkaloids strychnine, P-colubrine, brucine and their dihydro derivatives. Can J Chem 56 1222-1230 Southon IW, Buckingham J (1989) Dictionary of alkaloids. Chapman and Hall, London Summers MF, Marzilli LG, Bax A (1986) Complete H and C assignments of coenzyme Bi2 through the use of new two-dimensional NMR experiments. J Am Chem Soc 108 4285-4294... 

The phrase First do no harm, a later twist on the original Hippocratic wording, can be traced to an 1849 treatise Physician and patient by Worthington Hooker, who in turn attributed it to an earlier source (Sharpe and Faden, 1998). The background to this injunction, and its use at that point in the development of Western medicine, lay in a reaction to the heroic medidne of the early 19th century. 

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