Homogeneous electric field state

Figure 3. Illustration of the cross-beam machine. N is the nozzle source for the molecular beam, C is the buffer chamber with a beam chopper (not shown), H is the hexapole electric field quantum state selector, U are the homogeneous electric field plates, Q is an on-axis quadrupole mass filter, O is the fast atom beam source, and Q and C,8o are channeltrons.

Inversion splitting of the vibrational spectrum of ammonia has been used to create the first molecular microwave amplifier (maser) [86, 87]. The inversion population in the ammonia maser is achieved by transmission of the molecular beam through a non-homogeneous electric field. Ammonia molecules in symmetric and antisymmetric states interact with the electric field in different ways and they are therefore separated in this field. They are then directed to the resonator. 

The preparation of the Rydberg circular states Is performed by pulsed laser excitation followed by an adiabatic microwave transfer method (A.M.T. M.) already described in ref. [a]. This method requires that the atom interacts with an homogeneous electric field Fj., produced by the stack of equally spaced metallic plates shown on Fig. 1-a. This field removes the degeneracy of the various n-manifolds. 

In a homogeneous electric field, such a wave function will not be a constant but will have a single maximum for the electric field direction (and the minimum for the opposite direction). For any field intensity, this will correspond to the state of the lowest energy. This is namral because a dipole should have a tendency to align along the orientation of the electric field. 

Equation (18) is a quantum mechanical expression for the force on a nucleus in a planar molecule due to a homogeneous electric field. The expression is accurate to first order (i.e., polarizability is neglected) and, in view of the definitions (equations 16 and 17) of atomic charge and charge flux, is nothing else than equation (2). The latter, as already stated, underlies the empirical force field calculations. This further demonstrates the self-consistency of the present approach. 

Let us now consider an infinite right circular cylinder of radius a, which is illuminated by a plane homogeneous wave E, = E0e ke, x propagating in the direction e, = - sin ex — cos fez, where is the angle between the incident wave and the cylinder axis (Fig. 8.3). There are two possible orthogonal polarization states of the incident wave electric field polarized parallel to the xz plane and electric field polarized perpendicular to the xz plane. We shall consider each of these polarizations in turn. 

With an open system to which electrodes are attached, we can study the stability of interface morphology in an external electric field. A particularly simple case is met if the crystals involved are chemically homogeneous. In this case, Vfij = 0, and the ions are essentially driven by the electric field. Also, this is easy to handle experimentally. The counterpart of our basic stability experiment (Fig. 11-7) in which the AO crystal was exposed to an oxygen chemical potential gradient is now the exposure of AX to an electric field from the attached electrodes. In order to define the thermodynamic state of AX, it is necessary to apply electrodes with a predetermined... 

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