Homogeneity, magnet

The most spectacular applications of ECLs are the possibiUty of direct overwrite (DOW) with laser modulation (79,80) and of magnetically iaduced superresolution (81,82). The stacks comprise at least a storage layer s and a bias layer b. For both appHcations, the storage layer s has the lower and the higher at room temperature when compared to the bias layer b. At room temperature, b is homogeneously magnetized (initialized) by an external permanent magnet is about 400 kA/m (5 kOe)). 

Secondary ions are accelerated from the surface to an energy E. After passing an entrance slit different masses are forced to different radial paths in the homogeneous magnetic field. Only mass m ( Am) defined by ... 

To study NMR spectra of compounds, apparatus is required that consists of three sets of components. These are a radio-frequency transmitter, a homogeneous magnetic field and a radio-frequency receiver. In addition to these, the apparatus includes a unit to sweep the magnetic field over a small range, a mere few parts per million. 

We consider a molecular system, placed in a strong homogeneous magnetic field Bcxl. The total magnetic field throughout space will be equal to this external field plus a small correction B"ld induced by the system s electronic structure, which will be inhomogeneous in space ... 

The assumption of a characteristic line pattern for lipids is justified by the fact that IMCL, EMCL, and other adipose tissue in subcutaneous fat tissue or in tibial bone marrow are known to consist mainly of a very similar composition of fatty acid triglycerides. The characteristic line pattern A is indirectly determined by recording a reference lipid spectrum (R) out of a lipid compartment with a relatively homogenous magnetic field described by a normal distribution, i.e., a Gaussian function G. That means R can be written as... 

H. Xu, S. M. Conolly, G. C. Scott and A. Macovski, Homogeneous magnet design using linear programming. IEEE Trans. Magn., 2000, 36(2), 476-483. 

The radius of trajectory rm in cm of an ion on its circular path through a homogeneous magnetic sector field with magnetic force (gauss) and accelerating voltage V (volts) is determined by ... 

But in practice no ion emitting point (A ) exists, because mass spectrometers use slit systems (entrance and exit slits) of finite width (b and b", respectively), and so parameters b and b" are introduced to describe the defined object and image widths of the entrance and exit slits (A and A"), respectively. The ratio b"/b is defined as the so-called transverse magnification Gm of a homogeneous magnetic sector field ... 

The prism effect of a homogeneous magnetic sector field is crucial for the separation of different types of ions according to their mass-to-charge ratio. In Figure 3.3 the principle of mass separation... 

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