Hole crosslinking

Harvey GR (1972) Absorption of chlorinated hydrocarbon from seawater by a crosslinked polymer, Woods Hole, MA, USA... 

M.S. Bayerl, T. Braig, O. Nuyken, D.C. Muller, M. Gross, and K. Meerholz, Crosslinkable hole-transport materials for preparation of multilayer organic light emitting devices by spin-coating, ... 

E. Bacher, S. Jungermann, M. Rojahn, Y. Wiederhirn, and O. Nuyken, Photopatterning of crosslinkable hole-conducting materials for application in organic light-emitting devices, Macro-mol. Rapid Commn., 25 1191-1196 (2004). 

Y. Zhang, R. Hreha, G. Jabbour, B. Kippelen, N. Peyghambarian, and S.R. Marder, Photo-crosslinkable polymers as hole-transport materials for organic light-emitting diodes, J. Mater. Chem., 12 1703-1708 (2002). 

Fig. 9 Schematic representation of three approaches to generate nanoporous and meso-porous materials with block copolymers, a Block copolymer micelle templating for mesoporous inorganic materials. Block copolymer micelles form a hexagonal array. Silicate species then occupy the spaces between the cylinders. The final removal of micelle template leaves hollow cylinders, b Block copolymer matrix for nanoporous materials. Block copolymers form hexagonal cylinder phase in bulk or thin film state. Subsequent crosslinking fixes the matrix hollow channels are generated by removing the minor phase, c Rod-coil block copolymer for microporous materials. Solution-cast micellar films consisted of multilayers of hexagonally ordered arrays of spherical holes. (Adapted from [33])...

Where p defines the shape of the hole energy spectrum. The relaxation time x in Equation 3 is treated as a function of temperature, nonequilibrium glassy state (5), crosslink density and applied stresses instead of as an experimental constant in the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts function. The macroscopic (global) relaxation time x is related to that of the local state (A) by x = x = i a which results in (11)... 

In a GPC experiment, the polymer is separated in a column which is filled with a swollen, uniformly packed resin ( gel , called stationary phase, while the solvent which passes through the column is called mobile phase). The gel beads are usually made of crosslinked polymers (in particular polystyrene but also various inorganic porous materials) with little holes and pores of different size where the pore diameter is of the dimension of the size of the solvated polymer coils, i.e., the pore-size distribution is approx. 10-10 nm. 

Most of the room temperature crosslinking silicone rubbers are utilized for filling holes in buildings e.g. so-called expanding fillers, in the sanitary sector and for the sealing of windows. 

It is worth keeping in mind that there are many types of systems in which permeation occurs by alternative mechanisms. An obvious example is a beverage container with a large hole, where the beverage leaks rapidly through the hole without having to be sorbed into the walls of the container. At the other extreme, the permeabilities of certain types of extremely densely crosslinked membranes [17,18] cannot be explained in terms of the solution-diffusion mechanism either. See Bitter [6] for a comparative evaluation of transport mechanisms. 

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