From chlorinated hydrocarbons

Chloroacetic acid forms a2eotropes with a number of organic compounds. It can be recrystaUized from chlorinated hydrocarbons such as trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, and carbon tetrachloride. The freezing poiat of aqueous chloroacetic acid is shown ia Figure 1. 

Hi-Chloroff A thermal (non-catalytic) process for removing chlorine from chlorinated hydrocarbon wastes containing either low or high concentrations of chlorine. Developed by Kinetics Technology International. See also Chloroff. 

Fractional Precipitation of Cellulose Triacetate. The reported partial or non-fractionation of cellulose triacetate from chlorinated hydrocarbons or acetic acid may be explained in terms of the polymer-solvent Interaction parameter x (1-11) The x values for cellulose triacetate-tetrachloroethane and cellulose triacetate-chloroform systems are reported (10,21) as 0.29 and 0.34 respectively. The lower values of x for such systems will result in a smaller or negative heat of mixing (AHm) and therefore partial or non-fractionation of the polymer in question results. 

Exposure at waste sites is most likely to occur from the landfill disposal of waste by-products originating from chlorinated hydrocarbon manufacture. 

Fluorocarbons are made from chlorinated hydrocarbons by reacting them with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, using an antimony pentachloride (SbCl5) catalyst. 

Chlordane compounds were detected in the blubbers of Weddel seals caught near to the Syowa Station (75). Sampling, dissection and pretreatment were all conducted so as to prevent any possible contamination from chlorinated hydrocarbons, e.g., by washing the electric devices, knives, polyethylene bags and other materials with high purity acetone. Quantification was performed by GC-MS and values of 12-62 ng g were ascertained. Airborne transport can probably account for the presence of these substances in Antarctica. 

Berg, O. W., P. L. Diosady, and G. A. V. Rees. 1972. Column chromatographic separation of polychlorinated biphenyls from chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, and their subsequent gas chromatographic quantitation in terms of derivatives. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 7 338. 

Polyearbonates were prepared by a two-phase eondensation of TCP with bisphenol S. They preeipitate from chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents such as DCM, TCM and DCE. According to bofli flie yield and the inherent viscosity ofthese polymers, the use of BTEAC as a phase-transfer catalyst, sodium hydroxide as a base and DCE as an organic solvent was suitable to prepare a polycondensate having a large molar mass and a high yield. 

Azides, both organic and inorganic, and some azo compounds can be heat- and shock-sensitive. Azides such as sodium azide can displace halide from chlorinated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane to form highly explosive organic polyazides this substitution reaction is facilitated in solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). 

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