Historical material

Historically, materials based on doped barium titanate were used to achieve dielectric constants as high as 2,000 to 10,000. The high dielectric constants result from ionic polarization and the stress enhancement of k associated with the fine-grain size of the material. The specific dielectric properties are obtained through compositional modifications, ie, the inclusion of various additives at different doping levels. For example, additions of strontium titanate to barium titanate shift the Curie point, the temperature at which the ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition occurs and the maximum dielectric constant is typically observed, to lower temperature as shown in Figure 1 (2). 

Historical Material in Macro-Micro Thinking Conceptual Change in Chemistry Education and the History of Chemistry... 

In summary, the historical material about polymers was not as fraitful in the way we used it. Both theories seemed to be useful and convincing for the students. Obviously, both theories are complex and could indeed explain the observed phenomena. The need for modem techniques of analyses becomes obvious, which have also been the important step in the history of polymer theories. Additionally, these results might also show that students are not used to evaluating and comparing different theories. 

Scheffel, Brockmeier, and Parchmann (2008) have shown how historical material can be used to illustrate the processes by means of which the predictive value of... 

Scheffel, L., Brockmeier, W., Parchmann, I. (2008). Historical material in micro-macro thinking Conceptual change in chemistry education and in the history of chemistry. In J. K. Gilbert D. F. Treagust (Eds.), Multiple representations in chemical education. Dordrecht Springer. 

Bushness, James William. Precious metals trade guide gold, silver, platinum. Woodstock (IL) Trident Publications, 1993. 248p. ISBN 0-9632771-00-3 Includes some historical material on the history of gold, including alchemy... 

Polymer degradation, which reflects changes in the properties of polymers due to chemical processes that occur as a function of a complex set of environmental conditions, is a challenging topic of great fundamental and technological importance. Historically, materials were used long before their properties were fully understood. In recent years, analytical tools such as microscopy, imaging, and computational techniques have made possible the determination of structural and functional details of materials, some of which are hard to obtain by other methods. 

See Carlson (1966) for a history unless explicitly stated otherwise, all historical material in this section is from this source. 

Of course, only easily available proteinaceous materials could be used in historical materials, particularly egg (whole or either yolk or white), glue (from bovine or porcine bones or skin, but also from rabbit or fish), gelatine, milk, curd, whey, and blood. In the following paragraphs the basic characteristics of the main groups of these proteins are... 

Extraction or rather leaching of colourants is the first and a very important step in the analytical procedure for the analysis of natural dyes. The chemical composition of extracts from historical materials depends on many factors, such as the source of natural dyes, the technological procedure of their production, storage conditions over the centuries, ageing processes and extraction conditions. The choice of the extraction method depends on the properties of the components and the matrix from which they are isolated, as well as on the mechanism of dyeing with the particular dyestuff. In this regard, they are usually divided into three groups direct, vat and mordant dyestuffs. 

We have alluded above to the fact that dietary reconstruction from bone can be no more than a relatively long-term average, since in life bone is constantly remodelled. In general, a dietary reconstruction based on bone collagen is likely to represent the average diet of that individual over the last few years of life -perhaps up to as much as ten years before death, depending on the particular bone used. An extension of the isotopic dietary method is to use the differential information available within a single skeleton to study human lifetime mobility. This technique has been developed and exploited most clearly on historic material from South Africa (Sealy et al., 1995 Sealy, 2001 Cox et al., 2001). 

The historical material - stemming from several well known sources -is valuable for its technical content. The subject matter then advances to a presentation on the characteristics of gunpowder, whose unique properties cause it to be the mainstay of the fireworks industry, even today. 

Pernety, 331 Sperme. Sperme feminin. Sperme masculin. The reader familiar with traditional alchemical texts will recognize that 1 could have quoted more historical materials dealing with this topic, particularly by means of Paracelsus s spermatic fluid, genug noch aher ... 

Gifted with a remarkable memory, he presented his lectures with the full use of a wealth of historical material and so vividly that they left an indelible mark on his students. A great teacher and scholar, he inspired his students by his methods and ideals, and his colleagues by the vigor and clarity of his mind. To this greatness, he added an innate kindliness and unassuming modesty that endeared him to all. 

The Index would also refer to some anecdotal material and historical material. It is my hope that the indexes will allow the reader to move wittingly through a volume, which, though necessarily diverse, is still coherent. 

A general discussion of flavor analysis, including both historical material and specific applications, in which GC/O is described in the context of the most common methods of flavor analysis. 

On the Recollective-Analytic level, the concern is with literal life-historical materials—persons, events, behaviors, val-... 

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