Historic and Philosophic Background

A skeptical mind state is nothing new to human nature. Dating as far back as Socrates people were often cynical about things they saw and heard, leading to some scholars conclusions at times being questioned. 

If all devisable mistakes/errors/faults of a system are brought under control, the system is 

This perception can be problematic for new developments or if new technologies replace traditional ones for established and proven vehicle systems. This pertains to the entire By wire systems but particularly for remotely controlled systems, which so far have been operated solely by the driver. The guideline here is Equivalent Level of Safety , which means that for example new electronic systems need to be as safe as the conventional hydraulic system. 

If an established and proven system is implemented according to comparable principles, it is sufficient to show the compliance of safety principles. New products in a new technology require a systematic proof of safety. These new principles and guidelines are, besides the norms, mainly included in aU international, worldwide and industry wide standards. 

This was a small digression into philosophy but it is also important to refer to certain engineers, physicists and mathematicians in this chapter. 

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W. Wilson, in Chambers Encyclopaedia, New edn., Newnes, London, 1959, Vol. 11, p. 397. This article also presents the historical and philosophical background to quantum theory and wave mechanics in a readable way. 

Chapter 2 deals with an historical introduction of the origin of the hypothesis that everything is everywhere, from the first studies at the beginning of the twentieth century it provides a philosophical background for the hypothesis it discusses the role of classification of taxa and areas, and then uses the diatoms as an example. 

The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the presuppositions, problems, and prospects of periodic systems of molecules. It should present no problem for readers who have a broad knowledge of chemistry, have some acquaintance with these periodic systems, and desire to understand them from a philosophical or historical point of view. But the chapter was designed with readers in mind who have less background... 

We can learn from history that all kinds of persons were interested in the subject from a philosophical perspective and/or with respect to the application of techniques (engineering) but always motivated by the specific problems (e. g. pollution) of their era. We also hold deep respect for our scientific ancestors for their brilliant conclusions, based on scientific experiments with very simple techniques and limited quantitative measurements. The great interest in historical data from the era before fossil fuel combustion lies in determining background concentrations, in other words, the natural reference concentrations for assessing the human-influenced changes in chemical air composition. The endeavor remains to learn from previous studies to ask the appropriate open questions and draw the right conclusions for further studies. 

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