Histamine in guinea pigs

A dose-response curve to a full agonist is obtained. Shown for this example (see Table 12.4) are data to the full agonist histamine in guinea pig ileal smooth muscle (responses as a percentage of the maximal response to histamine). 

Sinkins, W. G., Kandel, M Kandel, S. I., Schunack, W and Wells, J. W. (1993) G protein-linked receptors labeled by [3H]histamine in guinea pig cerebral cortex. I. Pharmacological characterization [corrected]. Mol. Pharmacol. 43, 583-594. 

Easton, R. E., and S. D. Murphy. Experimental ozone preexposure and histamine. Effect on the acute toxicity and respiratory function effects of histamine in guinea pigs. Arch. Environ. Health 15 160-166, 1%7. 

Several in vivo experiments in animals and humans suggest the existence of potentiators of histamine toxicity in spoiled fish. Parrot and Nicot (24) demonstrated that putrescine enhanced the lethality of orally administered histamine in guinea pigs. 

Cadaverine has been shown to have a similar effect on the oral toxicity of histamine in guinea pigs (25.). Weiss et al. (IJ.) showed that 180 mg of histamine was without effect when administered orally to humans, while Motil and Scrimshaw (14) did observe some toxic symptoms after oral administration of an equivalent dose of histamine with "wholesome tuna. 

VAN OOSTERHOUT, A.J.M., VAN ARK, I., FOLKERTS, G VAN DER LINDE, H. J SAVELKOUL, H.F.J., VERHEYEN, A.C.K.P. NIJKAMP, F.P. (1995) Antibody to interleukin 5 inhibits virus induced airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine in guinea pigs. American Journal of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, 151, 177-183. 

Figure 2.6. Influence of I mM DTT on the inhibition of the binding of I nM [3H]mepyramine by mepyramine and histamine in guinea-pig cerebellar membranes. Values for the ICS0 estimate and Hill coefficient (a) were obtained by non-linear regression [112].

Support for an interaction between two components in the final cyclic AMP response to histamine in guinea-pig hippocampal and rabbit cerebral cortical slices has been provided with H,- and H2-selective agonists. In hippocampal slices the H2-selective agonists, impromidine and dimaprit, produced maximal cyclic AMP responses which were much less than the maximal response elicited by histamine [ 165, 195]. The extent of the stimulation appears to vary between experiments, ranging from 24% [165] to 62% [195] of the response to histamine. However, the extent of the cyclic AMP accumulation elicited by... 

Komori, S., Kawai, M., Takewaki, T., and Ohashi, H. (1992) GTP-binding protein involvement in membrane currents evoked by carbachol and histamine in guinea-pig ileal muscle. Journal of Physiology (London), 450 105-126. 

Histamine [2-(imidazol-4-yl)ethylamine] was synthesized and its effects in model biological systems were studied before it was found physiologically. Its synthesis occurs in many tissues, including mast cells, parietal cells of the gastric mucosa, and neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) and the periphery. Early hypotheses about its physiological function were based on the observed, dramatic effects of histamine in guinea pigs. These effects... 

EDso vs. lethal dose of histamine in guinea pigs (22). 

Mean ( SEM) Liver Ascorbate and Blood Histamine in Guinea Pigs Fed Graded Doses of Vitamin C" ... 

Kenakin, T. P., and Cook, D. A. (1980). N,N-Diethyl-2-(l-pyridyl)ethylamine, a partial agonist for the histamine receptor in guinea pig ileum. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 58 1307-1310. 

Sea urchin toxins extracted from spines or pedicellariae have a variety of pharmacological actions, including electrophysiological ones (75). Dialyzable toxins from Diadema caused a dose-dependent increase in the miniature end-plate potential frequency of frog sartorius muscle without influencing membrane potential (76). A toxin from the sea urchin Toxopneustes pUeolus causes a dose-dependent release of histamine (67). Toxic proteins from the same species also cause smooth muscle contracture in guinea pig ileum and uterus, and are cardiotoxic (77). 

Yeadon, M., Eve, D. and Payne, A.N. (1993b). Ozone exposure in guinea-pigs induces bronchial hyperreactivity to histamine and salbutamol, but not to leukotriene D4. Br. J. Pharmacol. 108, 220P. 

Vizuete, M. L Traiffort, E., Bouthenet, M. L. et at (1997). Detailed mapping of the histamine H2 receptor and its gene transcripts in guinea-pig brain. Neuroscience 80, 321-43. 

Animals exposed vivo to cotton dust show similar results. In excised tissues, histamine methylating enzymes fall to zero during exposure, but rise following a rest from cotton dust inhalation. In flax dust exposed animals, histamine activity initially increases.In guinea pigs, enzyme levels fall upon exposure, then rise after removal from exposure. Further, while flax exposed animals show a fall in total lung histamine content, with cotton dust exposure there is an increase. It should, however, be borne in mind that histamine release is not necessarily correlated with total lung histamine (103). 

In experimental animals, nitrogen dioxide induces several types of pulmonary toxicity. Decreased pulmonary function occurs in mice after chronic exposure to 0.2 ppm with daily excursions to 0.8 ppm. Effects on lung morphology were seen in rats exposed to 10 ppm for 36 hours and included cilia loss and hypertrophy of the bronchiolar epithelium. In guinea pigs acute exposure to 4 ppm caused increased airway hyperresponsiveness toward histamine. 

There are also specific differences in the location of receptors in various tissues and in various animals. If mice and rats are sufficiently stable to effects of histamine, then guinea pigs and humans will be very sensitive. 

Histamine induced bronchospasm in many animal species, especially in guinea pigs can easily be antagonized by antihistaminics. 

The flavonoids quercetin, hyperoside and isoquercetin, present in the ethanolic extract of Drosera madagascariensis, are inducers of spasmolytic and anti-inflammatory effects in guinea-pig ileum by affecting cholinergic M3 and histamine HI receptors [183]. 

A detailed mapping of the histamine H2 receptor and its gene transcripts has been performed in guinea pig. H2 receptors are widely but heterogeneously distributed, in some cases in a way suggesting their potential co-expression with Hi receptors within the same neuronal populations [21],... 

In a cooperation project20 with Professor H. Timmerman, Dr. R. Leurs and coworkers (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam), we compared the effects of the higher homologues of histamine (i.e. replacement of the ethylene side chain by n-propylene, n-butylene, n-pentylene etc.) in mouse brain cortex slices and in guinea-pig jejunum. 

Standard superfusion and electrophysiological techniques do not allow to decide whether an H3 heteroreceptor involved in the inhibition of release of a given transmitter is actually located presynaptically (i.e. on the axon terminals) of the respective neurone. Recent (unpublished) data from our laboratory may serve to illustrate this point. In guinea-pig cerebral cortex slices, noradrenaline release is inhibited by histamine via H3 receptors and facilitated via H2 receptors. Using an appropriate technique (see next paragraph) we found that only the H3 but not the H2 receptor is located presynaptically. 

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