Hisinger

Cerium was named for the asteroid Ceres, which was discovered in 1801. The element was discovered two years later in 1803 by Klaproth and by Berzelius and Hisinger. In 1875 Hillebrand and Norton prepared the metal. 

In 1751 the Swedish mineralogist, A. F. Cronstedt, discovered a heavy mineral from which in 1803 M. H. Klaproth in Germany and, independently, i. i. Berzelius and W. Hisinger in Sweden, isolated what was thought to be a new oxide (or earth ) which was named ceria after the recently discovered asteroid, Ceres. Between 1839 and 1843 this earth, and the previously isolated yttria (p. 944), were shown by the Swedish surgeon C. G. Mosander to be mixtures from which, by 1907, the oxides of Sc, Y, La and the thirteen lanthanides other than Pm were to be isolated. The small village of Ytterby near Stockholm is celebrated in the names of no less than four of these elements (Table 30.1). 

Jons Jakob Berzelius (1779-1848), Wilhelm Hisinger (1766-1852), and Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1743-1817) independently... 

Cerium (Ce, [Xe]4/ 15t/ 6.v2), name and symbol after the asteroid Ceres. Discovered (1803) by Jons Jacob Berzelius and Wilhelm Hisinger and independently by Martin Klaproth. 

Selenium was discovered in the early 1800s by Jons Jakob Berzehus (1779—1848) along with a friend Wilhelm Hisinger (1766—1852), who was a mineralogist. Berzehus believed tellurium was contaminating the product in a sulfuric acid factory. Later, he found it to be another element similar to tellurium. After isolating it, he identified it as element 34, which turned out to be selenium. 

Cerium Ce 1803 (Vastmanland, Sweden) and Berlin, German Jons Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger (both Swedish) and Martin Klaproth (German) 279... 

Selenium Se 1817 (Stockholm, Sweden) Jons Berzelius and Wilhelm von Hisinger (both Swedish) 237... 

Swedish chemist Jons Jackob Berzelius, German chemists Wilhelm von Hisinger and Martin Klaproth Most abundant of the rare earths named for an asteroid compounds and oxides used in lighting, self-cleaning ovens, cameras, telescopes. 

The element was discovered by Klaproth in 1803 and also in the same year by Berzelius and Hisinger. It is named after the asteroid Ceres. Cerium is found in several minerals often associated with thorium and lanthanum. Some important minerals are monazite, aUanite, cerite, bastnasite, and samarskite. It is the most abundant element among aU rare-earth metals. Its abundance in the earth s crust is estimated to be 66 mg/kg, while its concentration in sea water is approximately 0.0012 microgram/L. 

J, J, Berzelius and his collaborator Wilheim Hisinger, isolated from a heavy mineral found in 1781 in a mine at Bastnas, Sweden, another similar and yet somewhat different "earth". This one was named ceria and the mineral cerite after the then recently discovered planetoid Ceres, It was believed at the time, that both yttria and ceria were single elements, but subsequent study showed each to be a mixture of oxides, the complete separation and identification of which required more than a century of effort. 

Brandt published a description of this mineral in the volume of the Acta of die Upsala Academy for 1742 and in Vetenskapsacademiens Handlingarna for 1746, and mentioned that it contains cobalt, iron, and sulfur, but that, unlike ordinary cobalt glance, it is free from arsenic. When W. von Hisinger made a quantitative analysis of it m 1810, he found it to be cobalt sulfide. This mineral is now known as linnaeite its formula is CosS4, in which part of the cobalt may be replaced by nickel, iron, or copper. 

Although Afzelius refused to tell where he had found the mineral, W. Hisinger said that it must have come from a deserted mine at Skrikerum in the North Kalmar district. Berzelius then found specimens of it from this locality in the collections of the Bureau of Mines. Since it had been found at an opportune time, i. e., in time to be mentioned in his original paper on selenium, he named the mineral eucairite. In the same collection he also found a still richer selenium mineral, a copper selenide which is now known as berzelianite (28). 

In the autumn of 1824 Arfwedson helped Berzelius and Wilhelm Hisinger arrange the mineral collection of the Academy of Sciences according to Berzelius chemical system. Two years later Berzelius visited Arfwedson at Hedenso. This, said he, is a most beautiful place, and Arfwedson and his wife have improved it since I was here last time. Inside there reigns extreme neatness and a degree of luxury which could be much less and still be sufficient (3). Berzelius pleasure was marred, however, by an attack of gout which did not yield even when Arfwedson himself applied nine leeches to the affected knee. 

Wilhelm Hising, or Hisinger, as he was called after being raised to... 

The mam object of Berzelius and Hisinger s analysis of cerite was to search for yttria, which might easily have escaped the attention of Scheele and de Elhuyar since it was unknown at the time their investigation was made (29). Although they failed to find yttria, Berzelius and Hisinger discovered instead the new earth ceria. ... 

In his Early Recollections of a Chemist, Wohler gave a charming picture of Hisinger s home ... 

Hisinger was indeed one of Sweden s most eminent mineralogists and geologists. He died on June 2S, 1852, at the venerable age of eighty-five years. 

Skinnskatteberg, Vestmanland, Sweden, where Wilhelm Hisinger once lived. The mineral cente was first found m one of the mines on his estate. 

Wilhelm Hisinger, 1766-1852. Swedish mineralogist and geologist. Owner of the famous Riddarhytta mining property in Vestmanland, where cerite was discovered. He was one of the first to analyze the lithium mineral petalite. 

Fhoto loaned by Frau Hiickei, GSttingen, Germany Wohler in Later Life,4 Professor of chemistry at GcSttingen. Famous for his researches on cyanogen, cyanuric acid, and the radical of benzoic acid, and on the metals titanium, aluminum, yttrium, beryllium, and vanadium. German translator of Berzelius Textbook of Chemistry and Hisinger s Mineral Geography. ... 

Ekeberg (40, 41), M. H Klaproth, and N.-L Vauquelin all investigated Gadolin s new oxide, and it came to be called ijttria, a name derived from Ytterby. In 1803 Klaproth discovered in the mineral cerite another earth which he called terre ochroitebut which is now known as ceria. Berzelius and Wilhelm Hisinger also discovered ceria independently, but upon further investigation neither their yttria nor their ceria proved to be a pure oxide (3). 

Now here I am alone, chemically deserted. Pater Moses is now walking for his examination, Hisinger has not yet returned, and Arfvedson, who was recently engaged, is moored near his fiancee.. . . However, my time is spent as usual in a certain pleasant monotony and in moving back and forth between the wilting desk and the laboratory, where I am still busy with trifles, for example with the completion of the works begun on the preparation of lithia, yttria, and zirconia.. . . ... 

Birth of Wilhelm Hisinger, the discoverer of the earth ceria. Berzelius, Hisinger, and Klaproth all investigated this earth, the latter independently. 

Mar. 17, 1803 1803 Birth of Carl Lowig, independent discoverer of bromine. Klaproth, Berzelius, and Hisinger analyze cerite and discover the earth ceria. 

Historically, the first rare earth specimen was found by K. A. Arrhenius near Ytterby in 1787. The Finnish Chemist, Johann Gadolin, in 1794, for the first time, successfully separated a new oxide from the mineral found by Arrhenius. This new oxide was named yttria by Ekebero (1797). The mineral was named gadolinite. In 1803 another oxide, very similar to yttria, was discovered independently by Klaproth, and Berzelius and Hisinger. This new oxide was named ceria, and the mineral from which it was isolated was called cerite. 

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