Highly-ordered pyrolytic graphite HOPG

Fig. 2. Raman spectra (T = 300 K) from various sp carbons using Ar-ion laser excitation (a) highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), (b) boron-doped pyrolytic graphite (BHOPG), (c) carbon nanoparticles (dia. 20 nm) derived from the pyrolysis of benzene and graphitized at 2820°C, (d) as-synthesized carbon nanoparticles ( 850°C), (e) glassy carbon (after ref. [24]).

Figure 1. Reflectance spectra of Fe-TsPc in 0.1 M NaOH adsorbed on the basal plane of a highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) electrode at 0.90 V vs. a-Pd and on a Pt electrode at 0.70 V with Ar (0) and O2 ( A ) saturated solutions. Reproduced with...

FIGURE 15.19 G band for highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), MWNT bundles, one isolated semiconducting SWNT and one isolated metallic SWNT. (Reprinted with permission from [128], Copyright (2003) IOP Publishing Ltd.)... 

On highly ordered pyrolytic graphite, HOPG(OOOl) electrodes, no UPD has been detected owing to weak carbon-lead interactions [311]. Deposition occurs by three-dimensional island growth according to Volmer-Weber mechanism. Initial steps are controlled by progressive nucleation on active sites and hemispherical diffusion. 

Figure 10.2 Fe(CN) /4 voltammetry on glassy carbon (GC) fractured in solution, and on basal plane highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). 1 mM K4Fe(CN)6 in 1 M KC1, scan rate = 0.2 V/s. AEp for fractured GC voltammogram = 64 mV, corresponding to k° > 0.1 cm/s, AEp for HOPG = 1005 mV, k° = 1 x 10 6 cm/s. Potential scale is relative to silver quasi-reference electrode.

A. Pyrolytic Graphite (PG) and Highly Ordered Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG)... 

In an STM experiment the dendrimer sample deposited on a conductive substrate (e.g. highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG)) is scanned line-by-line with a fine conductive microscopy tip. Depending upon the measuring mode, a piezoelectric scanner moves either the microscopy tip over the sample surface or the sample under the fixed tip. The microscopy tip approaches the sample... 

Cgraphite A highly-ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) electrode was polished so as to expose... 

Figure 1.14 Atomic force microscopic image of highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The graphene lattice is indicated by the white lines. The different shading of carbon atoms results from the different situation in the atomic layer underneath ( A. Schwarz).

What are the apparent atomic distances of carbon atoms in a well-defined crystalline material To visualize individual atoms, a group of scientists used a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to test a crystalline material called highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). An STM is an instrument used to perform surface atomic-scale imaging. 

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