High performance liquid chromatography temperature control

Vanheukelem, L. et al., Improved separations of phytoplankton pigment using temperature-controlled high-performance liquid chromatography. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 14, 303, 1994. 

Hayakawa, K., Hirano, M., Yoshikawa, K., Katsumata, N, and Tanaka, T., Separation of phenylthiohydantoin-amino acids by temperature-controlled reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, /. Chromatogr. A, 846, 73, 1999. 

J.K. Swadesh, Temperature control in analytical high-performance liquid chromatography. In E. Katz (Ed.), Handbook of HPLC, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1998, pp. 607-615. 

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is one of the premier analytical techniques widely used in analytical laboratories. Numerous analytical HPLC analyses have been developed for pharmaceutical, chemical, food, cosmetic, and environmental applications. The popularity of HPLC analysis can be attributed to its powerful combination of separation and quantitation capabilities. HPLC instrumentation has reached a state of maturity. The majority of vendors can provide very sophisticated and highly automated systems to meet users needs. To provide a high level of assurance that the data generated from the HPLC analysis are reliable, the performance of the HPLC system should be monitored at regular intervals. In this chapter some of the key performance attributes for a typical HPLC system (consisting of a quaternary pump, an autoinjector, a UV-Vis detector, and a temperature-controlled column compartment) are discussed [1-8]. 

Ooms, B. (1996). Temperature control in high performance liquid chromatography. LC-GC 14(4), 306-324. 

To control and maintain the critical temperature of the mobile phase (CO2), the column is installed in an oven, similar to those used for GC or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), depending on the type of column used (Fig. 2). 

In another study involving Cyg, a pure sample of the Cyp isomer was prepared using the cyclopropanation-retro-cyclopropanation reaction sequence [44, 64]. This reaction scheme consists of a controlled potential electrolytic (CPE) reduction of a previously synthesized cyclopropane derivative of the isomer, leading to removal of the cyclopropane moiety(s), (see Sect. 6.1.5). A pure sample of the Dj isomer was obtained by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as previously described [49, 65]. The redox behavior of both isomers, in DCM at room temperature, reveals that their cathodic electrochemistry is indeed very similar (although not identical) in this solvent... 

Usha, T., Sarada, R., Ramachandra, Rao, S., and Ravishankar, G.A. 1999. Production of astaxanthin in Haematococcus pluvialis cultured in various media. Bioresource Technol. 68, 197-199. Vanheukelem, L., Lewitsu, J., Kata, T.M., and Craft, N.E. 1994. Improved separations of phytoplankton pigments using temperature controlled high performance liquid chromatography. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 114, 303-313. 

An area of analytical chemistry very well suited to optimization strategies is high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Many papers and a recent book have focused on simplex optimization experiments in this area. Among the factors that influence a chromatographic experiment, many are controllable and thus are susceptible to optimization, but some are not. Examples of uncontrollable faaors include noise, drift, and column performance. Examples of controllable factors include flow rates of mobile phase, mobile phase composition, and temperature. 

Hosoya, K., Kimata, K., Araki, T, Tanaka, N., and Frechet, J. M. J. 1995. Temperature-controlled high-performance liquid chromatography using a uniformly sized temperature-responsive polymer-based packing material. Analytical Chemistry 67 1907-11. 

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