High-order monolithic

Zhou, Y., and Antonietti, M. (2003]. Preparation of highly ordered monolithic super-microporous lamellar silica with a room-temperature ionic liquid as template via the nanocasting technique. Adv. Mater., 15, pp. 1452-1455. 

Compared with the multi-scale micro mixer-tube concept (see Section 4.1.6), the total-system approach is a true mono-scale solution, and may be even termed monolithic. Integration of sensing and controlling is facile owing to the high order and repetition of construction imits (plates). 

Hu YS, Adelhelm P, Smarsly B, Hore S, Antonietti M, Maier J. Synthesis of hierarchically porous carbon monoliths with highly ordered microstructure and their application in rechargeable lithium batteries with high-rate capability. Adv Funct Mater. 2007 17(12) 1873-8. 

S.A. El-Safty and T. Hanaoka, Microemulsion Liquid Crystal Templates for Highly Ordered Three-dimensional Mesoporous Silica Monoliths with Controllable Mesopore Structures. Chem. Mater., 2004, 16, 384 100. 

S.A. El-Safty, T. Hanaoka, and F. Mizukami, Large-sclae Design of Cubic Ia3d Mesoporous Silica Monoliths with High Order, Controlled Pores, and Hydrothermal Stability. Adv. Mater., 2005, 17, 47-53. 

In the case of soft-template self-assembly synthesis, mesostructure assembly and morphology growth can be controlled concurrently. Due to the versatility of the solvent-based soft-template self-assembly process, highly ordered mesoporous carbons can be produced relatively easily with different morphologies such as thin film and membrane, " monolith,fibre,sphere, rod, single-crystal, " and discus-like crystal. Initially, mesoporous carbons synthesised with soft templates were exclusively in the form of films. " ... 

Besides the investigation of monolithic carbons with well-ordered mesoporosity as CO2 sorbents, the synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbon films for CO2 capture (membrane gas separation) also attracts much interest. Noticeably, highly ordered mesoporous carbon with cubic Im3m symmetry has been synthesized successfully via a direct carbonization of self-assembled F108 (EOi32P05oEOi32) and RE composites obtained in a basic medium of non-aqueous solution [66]. Dai et al. [49] demonstrated a stepwise self-assembly approach to the preparation of large-scale, highly ordered nanoporous carbon films (Eig. 2.14). 

In order to assess such prospective advantages, the thermal behaviour of high conductivity monolith catalysts in exothermic reactions was investigated both theoretically and experimentally. 

H-Safty, S.A., and Hanaoki, T. (2004) Microemulsion liquid crystal templates for highly ordered three-dimensional mesoporous sihca monoliths with controllable mesopore structures. Chem. 

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