High melting point explosives

These examples of explosives show beyond doubt that the m.p. is raised by the introduction of amino group/s. Further, data on thermal decomposition show that the thermal stability is associated with high melting point and low vapor pressure... 

RDX has a high chemical stability and great explosive power compared with TNT and picric acid. It is difficult to dissolve RDX in organic liquids but it can be recrystallized from acetone. It has a high melting point which makes it difficult to use in casting. However, when it is mixed with TNT, which has a low melting temperature, a pourable mixture can be obtained. Some of the properties of RDX are presented in Table 2.15. 

Tetryl is a highly brisant, very powerful explosive, with a satisfactory initiating power which is used in the manufacture of primary and secondary charges for blasting caps. Owing to its relatively high melting point, it is employed pressed rather than cast. 

RDX has a very high explosive power compared with TNT and picric acid. RDX has a high melting point that makes it difficult to use in casting [4, 6]. 

Niiro derivatives of bibenzyl and stilbene are of considerable importance for two reasons (i) s >me of them are produced by the nitration of toluene in the course of production of trinitrotoluene high melting points and can be regarded as classical examples of explosives resisting high temperatures. 

It was found that silver nitrate, silver bromide, and lead chloride had no appreciable sensitizing effect on lead azide when the impact was performed with a 240-g striker falling 29 cm. However, borax and chalcocite gave 100% explosion efficiency. Bismuthinite and galena had only small sensitizing effects in spite of their high melting points, but both of these materials were soft compared to tire lead azide. 

The sensitivity of azides to heat is one of their properties which can be most precisely determined. The more practically useful substances, such as lead and silver azides, do not detonate until temperatures close to or at their melting points are attained. Among technologically important sohd explosives such as TNT, tetryl, and RDX, the relatively high melting points of lead and silver azides (<300°C) and the good vacuum stability in standard tests are perhaps not representative of their overall sensitivity. Once a threshold temperature has been attained in the azides, the transition from slow decomposition to detonation is... 

The salts are solids of high melting point. The perchlorate is an explosive of some sensitivity and can be detonated by impact, spark or friction [38,39]. It is simply stabilised by adding 1% water before storage [39]. Most salts are readily soluble in water and insoluble in organic solvents of low polarity. They can often be recrystallised from polar solvents such as acetonitrile or nitromethane. 

Its physical properties are very similar to those of water for instance, its melting point is f.5°C and its boiling point is 113°C. However, its chemical properties are very different. It is dangerously explosive and is normally stored and used in aqueous solution. Hydrazine is used as a rocket fuel and to eliminate dissolved, corrosive oxygen from the water used in high-pressure, high-temperature steam furnaces ... 

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