High-magnification scanning electron microscopy

Figure 17.2 (a) High-magnification scanning electron microscopy fractograph of epoxy and 10 vol% nanosilica from three-point bending tests and (b) structure of a core—shell building block of a silica nanoparticle coated with polymer chains. 

The very high powers of magnification afforded by the electron microscope, either scanning electron microscopy (sem) or scanning transmission electron microscopy (stem), are used for identification of items such as wood species, in technological studies of ancient metals or ceramics, and especially in the study of deterioration processes taking place in various types of art objects. 

Each specimen was dehydrated, infiltrated and embedded in Technovit based methylmethacrylate. One section was cut and around in preparation for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In each case, three overview photos were necessary and four high magnification fields (40X) were photographed and digitized. These fields were later analyzed for volume fraction of soft tissue, bone... 

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) can produce images of surface and objects at high magnification. If the scanning of the electron beam is also coupled to detection of x-rays from the electron impact on the... 

Figure 8 Schematic of the fabrication of hierarchical ordered oxides (a) (Reprinted from Ref. 179, 2001, with permission from Elsevier) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images (b, c, d), at different magnifications, of hierarchical ordered mesoporons sdica display a high-quality surface pattern ( 1000nm), which is made up of a macroporous ( 100nm) framework of cubic mesoporous silica ( 11 run), as shown in TEM image (e). (Reprinted with permission from P. Yang et al., Science, 1998, 282, 2244)...

Accurate fiber counts were carried out using both scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high magnification phase light microscopy. 

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) scans over a sample surface with a probe of electrons (5-SO kV). Electrons (and photons), backscattered or emitted, produce an image on a cathode-ray tube, scanned synchronously with the beam. Magnification of 20-50,000 are possible with a resolution of about 5 nm. There is a very high depth of field and highly irregular structures are revealed with a three-dimensional effect. 

Gum Arabica and its complexes used in the present study contain fine structures which affect their properties. The microscopy may be informative in investigating the molecular domain and block structure in it. The different types of microscopy used in the characterization of gum specimen are (i) Optical microscopy, where only structures separated about Ipm across can be investigated. (ii) Electron microscopy in the form of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mentioned techniques and tools are able to provide a magnification up to 10 and at very high resolution. 

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