High-energy bombardment

The stress caused by H absorbed in the course of electroless deposition is a major obstacle to the utilization of electroless films in areas of electronics where metallization of smooth surfaces is desired as an alternative to expensive vacuum deposition processes. Lacking the high-energy bombardment aspect of most vacuum depo-... 

In the second type of analysis, high-energy bombardment of soils with neutrons, on the other hand, leads to what is called neutron activation. Reemission of radiation from neutron-activated soil allows for the identification of the elements present. This type of analysis typically requires a source of high-energy neutrons and so requires special equipment [8],... 

Magnetron sputtering, one type of physical vapor deposition (PVD) method, is a powerful and flexible method that can be used to coat virtually any surface with a wide range of materials. It removes atomized materials from a solid by high-energy bombardment of its surface layers with ions or neutral particles. Prior to the... 

The effects of high-energy bombardment of solids have been studied intensively in the last decade by many investigators (/). Large changes in the physical properties of materials are observed particularly upon fast massive particle irradiation, for example, by fast neutrons in a nuclear reactor, which results in the displacement of the atoms from their normal lattice positions. 

The imperfections in the crystal, which are created by high-energy bombardment, may be expected to alter the chemical properties of a crystal in a significant way. This aspect of irradiation research has only received cursory attention in the past, but there are indications of increased activity in the very recent literature. Koch ( ) has observed that the bombardment of glass with krypton ions results in a permanent change in the surface such that the reflection of light from the surface is reduced and the transmission... 

Recoil implantation (cleaning, film formation) When a high energy bombarding species imparts enough energy to a surface atom to cause it to be recoil implanted into the lattice as an interstitial atom. 

Yield, sputtering The number of ejected (sputtered) surface atoms per incident high energy bombarding particle. 

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