High device

The introduction of rigid and bulky cycloalkene unit in these iridium complexes is expected to provide high device efficiencies as well as the suppressed triplet-triplet (T-T) annihilation in the OLED devices. These iridium complexes, lr(chpy)3 or Ir(mchpy)3, with cycloalkenylpyridines have higher HOMO and lower LUMO energy levels than iridium(III) complex, Ir(ppy)3. We synthesized 2-cycloalkenylpyridine substituted iridium complexes, Ir(chpy)3 or Ir(mchpy)3, in 44-74% yields and reported (Kang et al. 2008). 

High device-to-device performance reliability and repeatability. 

The introduction of grain boundaries and fabrication of other types of junctions are key issues in the development of high devices such as sensors. 

Park, H.J., Kang, M.-G., Ahn, S.H., and Guo, L.J. (2010) Facile route to polymer solar cells with optimum morphology readily applicable to roll-to-roll process without sacrificing high device performances. Adv. Mater., 22, E247-E253. 

The functions of polymers formed from disubstituted acetylenes have also been studied extensively (Chart 3.6). Kwak et al. found that poly(diphenylacetylene) derivative 21 showed strong blue-green emission. Hsu and coworkers fabricated an LED composed of ITO/PEDOT/ diphenylacetylene copolymer 22/Ca/Al and observed very high device performance with a maximum luminescence of 4230 cd/m at 14 V and a maximum current efficiency of 3.37 cd/A at 7 Imidazole-containing polymer 23 can be prepared from a chlorine-bearing polymer. The fluorescence of 23 is quenched by a trace amount of Cu , but not when also... 

Further efforts have been recently directed to introducing superstructures to the electronic devices. The major motivation for this is mainly based upon an expectation that such superstructures should achieve high device performance. Typical examples are the... 

Providing an additional means of warning that the intended level has been exceeded can reduce the demand on the high-high device. It is anticipated that the LAH will be derived from the system used for determining the contents of the tank ATG ... 

Optimized device performance yielded high fill factors of 0.58, leading to a maximum PCE of 4.1%, indicating that the pyrene end-cap unit does in fact promote molecular packing and active layer morphology favorable for high device PCE. 

The donor-acceptor type small molecules reported on by Bazan and co-workers have proved to be excellent light-harvesting materials for use as donors in BHJ solar cells (Table 5.4). The simple, facile and reproducible synthesis, combined with excellent film forming capabilities and high device performance, make this class of materials well positioned to enable commercialization of organic solar cells. 

H. J. Park, M.-G. Kang, S. H. Ahn and L. J. Guo, A Facile Route to Polymer Solar Cells with Optimum Morphology Readily Applicable to a Roll-to-Roll Process without Sacrificing High Device Performances, Adv. Mater, 2010,22, E247-E253. 

As for the nanostructures, ZnO nanostructures (nanowires, nanorods, etc.) provide a path to a new generation of devices, but a deliberate effort has to be made for ZnO nanostructures to be taken seriously for large-scale device applications, and to achieving high device density with accessibility to individual nanodevices. Reliable methods for assembling and integrating building blocks into circuits need to be developed. 

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