High-carbohydrate meal

Fig. 3 Mean serum erythromycin levels in healthy volunteers given 500 mg of erythromycin stearate with 20 mL of water (A), 250 ml of water ( ), or 250 mL of water immediately after a high-carbohydrate meal (0)> 250 mL of water immediately after a high-fat meal ( ), and 250 mL of water immediately after a high-protein meal (A). (From Ref. 6.). 

Praziquantel is a synthetic isoquinoline-pyrazine derivative. It is rapidly absorbed, with a bioavailability of about 80% after oral administration. Peak serum concentrations are reached 1-3 hours after a therapeutic dose. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of praziquantel reach 14-20% of the drug s plasma concentration. About 80% of the drug is bound to plasma proteins. Most of the drug is rapidly metabolized to inactive mono- and polyhydroxylated products after a first pass in the liver. The half-life is 0.8-1.5 hours. Excretion is mainly via the kidneys (60-80%) and bile (15-35%). Plasma concentrations of praziquantel increase when the drug is taken with a high-carbohydrate meal or with cimetidine bioavailability is markedly reduced with some antiepileptics (phenytoin, carbamazepine) or with corticosteroids. 

A high-carbohydrate meal leads to an elevated blood glucose concentration. The glycogen reserves within cells are filled. The ATP level rises, blocking... 

Ketoconazole is water-soluble at a pH of below 3. Its oral absorption is influenced by the acidity of the stomach contents, and the concomitant administration of histamine H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, antacids, or food affects its absorption. A high carbohydrate meal ingested with ketoconazole reduces total drug absorption, while a high lipid meal increases it. Erratic absorption is particularly apparent in patients with AIDS. Peak serum concentrations are seen within 2-3 hours. The half-life is about 8 hours. CSF penetration is less than 10% (1). Ketoconazole is extensively metabolized in the liver and excreted in the bile in an inactive form less than 1% of the active drug is excreted in the urine. Clearance is not significantly altered by renal dialysis (1). 

Hexokinase and glucokinase both catalyze the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate. The values of Km for the enzymes are 10 pM and 0.02 M, respectively. If blood glucose is 5 mM under fasting conditions and 20 mM after a high-carbohydrate meal... 

C) hexokinase will function at less than one-half Vm after a high-carbohydrate meal... 

When a normal individual in the basal metabolic state ingests a high-carbohydrate meal, there is... 

A. After a high-carbohydrate meal, glycogen synthetase is activated by a phosphatase. The ratio of phosphorylase a to phosphorylase b is decreased by a phosphatase, so glycogen degradation decreases. Red blood cells continue to use glucose and form lactate at their normal rate. 

A. By 2-3 hours after a high-carbohydrate meal, the patient s glycogen stores would be filled. Glucagon would stimulate glycogenolysis, and blood glucose levels would rise. 

VLDL is synthesized in the liver, particularly after a high-carbohydrate meal. It is formed from triacylglycerols that are packaged with cholesterol, apoproteins (particularly apo B-100), and phospholipids, and it is released into the blood. 

Glick, Z., Teague, R.J. Bray, G.A. (1981) Brown adipose tissue thermic response increased by a single low protein, high carbohydrate meal. Science 213, 1125-1127. 

Insulin Promotes fuel storage after a meal Promotes growth Stimulates glucose storage as glycogen (muscle and liver) Stimulates fatty acid synthesis and storage after a high-carbohydrate meal Stimulates amino acid uptake and protein synthesis... 

Fig 26.8. Blood glucose, insulin, and glucagon levels after a high-carbohydrate meal. 

Phosphodiesterase is inhibited by methyixanthines, a class of compounds that includes caffeine. Would the effect of a methyixanthine on fuel metabolism be similarto fasting orto a high-carbohydrate meal ... 

An alcoholic patient developed a pancreatitis that affected his exocrine pancreatic function. He exhibited discomfort after eating a high-carbohydrate meal. The patient most likely had a reduced ability to digest which of the following ... 

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