High capacity elimination

Proteins and other macromolecules are mainly cleared by high-capacity elimination processes such as renal hltration and liver metabolism. A coadministered drug can affect these processes and lead to serious drug-drug interactions. In addition, drugs that influence receptor-mediated clearance of the therapeutic protein may also result in important drug-drug interactions. 

SETERNES T, S0RENSEN K, SMEDSR0D B (2002), Scavenger endothelial cells of vertebrates a nonperipheral leukocyte system for high-capacity elimination of waste macromolecules , Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 99,7594-7. 

The mass spectrometer is a very sensitive and selective instrument. However, the introduction of the eluent into the vacuum chamber and the resulting significant pressure drop reduces the sensitivity. The gas exhaust power of a normal vacuum pump is some 10 ml min-1 so high capacity or turbo vacuum pumps are usually needed. The gas-phase volume corresponding to 1 ml of liquid is 176 ml for -hexane, 384 ml for ethanol, 429 ml for acetonitrile, 554 ml for methanol, and 1245 ml for water under standard conditions (0°C, 1 atmosphere). The elimination of the mobile phase solvent is therefore important, otherwise the expanding eluent will destroy the vacuum in the detector. Several methods to accomplish this have been developed. The commercialized interfaces are thermo-spray, moving-belt, electrospray ionization, ion-spray, and atmospheric pressure ionization. The influence of the eluent is very complex, and the modification of eluent components and the selection of an interface are therefore important. Micro-liquid chromatography is suitable for this detector, due to its very small flow rate (usually only 10 p min - ). 

X 10-9 g. can be achieved. The balance has the unusually high capacity, for such a sensitive instrument, of 1 g. On the other hand the balance of Steele and Grant was very complicated and required careful control of pressure during the run as well as other additional complicated manipulations. The use of vacuum operation, the elimination of rider compensation, and the use of all-quartz construction and fine fused-on quartz fibers for the hang-down wires represent an outstanding contribution to precision vacuum microgravimetry. 

A desirable attribute of a capture step is the high selectivity for the antibody, to eliminate bulk impurities during the early phase and, moreover, to reduce water content, resulting in a substantial concentration of the product. The requirement of such a sorbent to capture the antibody at high capacity even from feedstocks where the antibody is present at very low... 

Some of the drawbacks that packed column suppressors have were eliminated when hollow-fiber membrane suppressors were introduced in 1981. These were found to be even more convenient and efficient, with low dead volume and high capacity, and they are dynamically regenerated. Eluent passes through the... 

Ability to discharge at high speed eliminates or minimizes dead cycle time required for acceleration and braking for higher capacity, lower power consumption, and lower wear and tear. The cycle time savings is particularly beneficial with short-cycle (fast-filtering) requirements. 

Gao J, Manthiram A (2009) Eliminating the irreversible capacity loss of high capacity layered Li[Lio,2Mno. 54Nio. i3Coo.i3]02 cathode by blending with other lithium insertion hosts. J Power Sources 191 644—647... 

The conversion of cholesterol into bile acids represents the most obvious example of the high capacity of the liver to convert lipid-soluble material into excretable water-soluble products. In principle, the reactions in the formation of bUe acids are very similar to those generally involved in the metabolism and detoxication of various lipids and drugs hydroxylations, oxidations, and conjugations. In contrast to detoxication reactions, however, some of the reactions are highly specific and at least one of the hydroxylations is subject to metabolic control. In view of the importance of the rate of elimination of cholesterol in diseases such as atherosclero-... 

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