Heterocycles cyclization after

Intramolecular addition of the amide group to the triple bond in pyrazoles is more difficult, and results in closure of the 5-lactam rather than the y-lactam ring. The reaction time of the 4-phenylethynylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid amide under the same conditions is extended to 42 h (Scheme 129) (Table XXVII). The cyclization of l-methyl-4-phenylethynyl-l//-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid amide, in which the acetylene substituent is located in the 7r-electron-rich position of the heterocycle, is the only one complete after 107 h (Scheme 130) (90IZV2089). 

In this approach, the SENA skeleton is assembled from nitroalkene (42) and nucleophile 56.With the exception of two examples (entries 1 and 2 in Table 3.2), the reaction does not stop at SENA 51, which either undergoes intramolecular cyclization through [3 + 2]-cycloaddition to give fused heterocycles (as a rule after elimination of trimethylsilanol) (198-200) or is involved in [3+ 2]-cycloaddition with specially added methyl vinyl ketone or methyl acrylate to form (after elimination of silanol) substituted isoxazolines in rather high yields (201). 

Intramolecular cyclization of 2-lithiobenzyl-2-halophenyl amines, ethers, and thioethers—Synthesis of phenanthridine, dibenzopyran, and dibenzothiopyran derivatives Having demonstrated the efficiency of this methodology for the preparation of indole derivatives, we prepared the 2-fluoro-phenyl ether and thioether 22 a, b to study their potential as substrates that could afford oxygen and sulfur heterocycles. However, treatment of 22 a, b with fBuLi afforded, after... 

The photolysis of donor-acceptor systems provides unique synthetic opportunities. Direct irradiation of the donor-acceptor systems, such as systems containing arene and amine components, leads to intramolecular electron transfer, that is, to amine cation-radical and arene anion-radical moieties. After generation, these moieties undergo cyclization reactions providing efficient synthetic routes to fV-heterocycles with a variety of ring sizes. Thus, direct irradiation of secondary amino-ethyl and aminopropyl stilbenes leads to benzazepines in improved yields (Hintz et al. 1996). As known, benzazepines are used in medicine as antidepressants. Scheme 7.44 illustrates ion-radical cyclization with the formation of benzazepine derivative (65% yield). 

Intermediate 331 was used in the reaction with ketone-derived sugars 133 (from D-glucose) or 270 (from D-fructose) and with the protected estrone 280 so that, after hydrolysis, diols 337-339"° " were obtained in 25-80% yield. Further cyclization of these diols under Mitsunobu-type reaction conditions (PPh3, DIAD, benzene reflux) gave the mixed heterocyclic sugars 340 and 341"°, and the steroid derivative 342", respectively, in 45-50% yield. 

Only two examples of the synthesis pyrimidoazocines have been described. In Ref. 82JHC1257, a three-stage synthesis of a new heterocycle system, pyrimido[5,4-c]benz[l]azocine, has been proposed. Condensation of 4-methyl-2-phenyl-5-pyrimidincarboxylate (112) with 3,4-dimethoxy-6-nitrobenzaldehyde (113) led to the substituted alkene 114, which, after catalytic hydrogenation of the nitro group on Raney nickel and subsequent intramolecular cyclization of product 115, was converted into pyrimidobenz[l]azocine 116 (Scheme 32). 

The reaction of iminium ions with dihydropyridines is a method, suggested from biosynthetic studies, for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds to these six-membered heterocycles. The 1,4-dihydropyridine (8), a presumed intermediate from the reaction of ammonia with glutaraldehyde, reacts with the cyclic iminium ion (159) to give, after oxidation, nicotine (160) (72CC1091). Another example of this reaction has provided a total synthesis of olivacine (163). The 1,2-dihydropyridine ring system in (161), generated from its chromium tricarbonyl complex, was observed to undergo an intramolecular cyclization... 

These palladium- or nickel-catalyzed reactions are radical reactions leading to an organometallic product. By using a precursor such as 37 as a 1 1 mixture of diastereoisomers, the palladium-catalyzed cyclization provides in a stereoconvergent way the cyclopentylmethylzinc derivative 38 which, after allylation, produces the unsaturated ester 39 in 71% yield". The intermediate radical cyclizes via a transition state A where all the substituents are in an equatorial position. Interestingly, the analogous reaction using Ni(acac)2 as a catalyst allows the preparation of heterocyclic compounds such as 40. The... 

The cyclizations of halo acetals, introduced by Stork66 and Ueno,67 are among the most popular of all radical methods because the precursors are easy to prepare, the cyclizations are very rapid, and the products can be converted to a variety of different heterocycles. The conversion of (26) to (28 Scheme 17) illustrates the basic procedure.68 Standard bromoacetalization of an alcohol provides the precursor (27). After tin hydride cyclization and acidic oxidation, lactone (28) is formed in excellent yield with 97%... 

A novel synthesis of 5,6-dihydro-4//-1,2-oxazines (20) is presented via the photo-induced cyclization of y. d-unsaturated oximes (21) see Scheme 4. Irradiation of (21) in the presence of 9,10-dicyanoanthraccnc (DCA) led to the heterocycle (20) only. The proposed mechanism proceeds via the radical cation (22), generated by single-electron transfer (SET) from the oxime (21) to the excited sensitizer (DCA. Cyclization of (22) affords the oxazine (20) after proton transfer to the DCA radical anion (DCA ) and H abstraction.61... 

Intramolecular addition of vinyl radicals to olefins as a method for heterocycle synthesis has been examined. The vinyl radicals can be conveniently generated from vinyl bromides and samarium(II) diiodide [95JOC7424], The intermediate radical after cyclization undergoes a further electron transfer from samarium to furnish a carbanion which is quenched at the end of the reaction. A samarium(II) diiodide mediated aryl radical cyclization onto a dihydrofuran has been reported [95T8555],... 

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