Herpesvirus Encoded Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors

Chemokines in Viral Infections, edited by Surendran Mahalingam. 2004 Eurekah.com and Kluwer Academic /Plenum Publishers. 

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Over the last several years we have started to learn that chemokine mimicry by herpesvirus is common and important for the virus. What has come as a surprise is that herpesvirus encoded chemokines and chemokine receptors have positive effects and are not only used by the virus to block the chemokine system or evade the host immune response. Accordingly it seems inevitable that these pro-inflammatory chemokine elements play imporant roles in viral growth and dissemination in vivo. 

McLean, K. A., Holst, P. J., Martini, L., Schwartz, T. W., RosenkUde, M. M. (2004). Similar activation of signal transduction pathways by the herpesvirus-encoded chemokine receptors US28 and ORF74. Virology, 325, 241—251. 

Fig. 1. Human cellular and human CMV-encoded chemokine receptors and their corresponding ligands. Cellular chemokine receptors that bind only one ligand (single ligand) or those that bind several ligands (multiple ligands) are shown. The human herpesvirus chemokine receptors (virus encoded) and their ligands are given where determined. The old nomenclature has been used here. For the new nomenclature see Murphy et al. (2000)...

D., Vischer, H.F., Mattick, C., Leurs, R., and Smit, M.J. (2006) Chemokine-directed trafficking of receptor stimulus to different g proteins selective inducible and constitutive signaling by human herpesvirus 6-encoded chemokine receptor U51. Molecular Pharmacology, 69, 888-898. 

Rucker J, Edinger AL, Sharron M et al (1997) Utilization of chemokine receptors, orphan receptors, and herpesvirus-encoded receptors by diverse human and simian immunodefidency viruses. J Virol 71 8999-9007... 

Virally encoded chemokines have also been discovered, in several herpesviruses (e.g. HHV-8, mouse cytomegalovirus) and in molluscum conta-giosum virus (MCV), a human poxvirus which causes the skin disease molluscum contagiosum. Interestingly, broad-spectrum chemokine receptor antagonist activity has been reported for several of these molecules, including vMIP-II of HHV-8 and MC148R of... 

Isegawa, Y., Ping, Z., Nakano, K., Sugimoto, N., and Yamanishi, K. (1998). Human herpesvirus 6 open reading frame U12 encodes a functional beta-chemokine receptor. J. Virol. 72, 6104-6112. 

Yang, T.Y., S.C. Chen, M.W. Leach, D. Manfra, B. Homey, M. Wiekowski, L. Sullivan, C.H. Jenh, S.K. Narula, S.W. Chensue, and S.A. Lira. Transgenic expression of the chemokine receptor encoded by human herpesvirus 8 induces an angioproliferative disease resembling Kaposi s sarcoma. J Exp Med 191 445-54, 2000. 

Table 1. GPCRs and chemokine receptors and chemokine ligands encoded by herpesviruses ... 

Haque NS. The chemokine receptor CCR8 mediates human endothelial cell chemotaxis induced by 1-309 and Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus-encoded vMIP-I and by lipoprotein(a)-stimulated endothelial cell conditioned medium. Blood 2001 97(l) 39-45. 

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